BUILDING MATERIALS

AND CONSTRUCTION
PRESENTATION ON CRANES

GUIDED BY: SUBMITTED BY :

AR. ASHU JAIN YASHI DIWAKAR
B.ARCH 4TH YEAR
TAR1601026
 INTRODUCTION - CRANES
 A crane is a tower or derrick equipped with cables
and pulleys that is used to lift and lower materials.
Cranes are commonly used in the construction
industry and in manufacturing heavy equipment.
Construction cranes are usually temporary
structures, either fixed to the ground or mounted on
a purpose-built vehicle.
 Cranes may either be controlled from an operator in
a cab that travels with the crane, by a pushbutton
pendant control station, or by infrared or radio
control. Where a cab operator is employed, workers
on the ground will communicate with the operator
through a system of standardized hand-signals or, in
larger installations, radio systems; an experienced
crew can position loads with great precision using
only these signals. The largest revolving cranes in
the world can be found on crane vessels.

TYPES:
• MOBILE CRANE • TOWER CRANE
• STATIC CRANE • GANTRY CRANE
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 INTRODUCTION
 Tower cranes are a modern form of balance crane that consist of the
same basic parts. Fixed to the ground on a concrete slab (and
sometimes attached to the sides of structures), tower cranes often give
the best combination of height and lifting capacity and are used in the
construction of tall buildings. The base is then attached to the mast
which gives the crane its height. Further, the mast is attached to the
slewing unit (gear and motor) that allows the crane to rotate. On top of
the slewing unit there are three main parts which are: the long
horizontal jib (working arm), shorter counter-jib, and the operator's
cab.
 Maximum load-moment = 300 tonne-meter
 Max. reach 230’ (70 m)
 Max. lift 19.8 Tons (18t)
 Counter weight = 20 Tons
 Speed limits apply depending on the type of vehicle and road.
 As this type of crane is very transportable and has a short site
preparation time they are commonly used for short hire periods.
 COMPONENTS
 Mast: the main supporting tower of
the crane. It is made of steel
trussed sections that are connected
together during installation.
 Slewing unit: the slewing unit sits
at the top of the mast. This is the
engine that enables the crane to
rotate.
 Operating cabin: on most tower
cranes the operating cabin sits just
above the slewing unit. It contains
the operating controls, load-
movement indicator system (LMI),
scale, anemometer, etc.
 Jib: The jib, or operating arm,
extends horizontally from the
crane. A "luffing" jib is able to move
up and down; a fixed jib has a
rolling trolley that runs along the
underside to move goods
horizontally.
 Counter jib: holds counterweights,
hoist motor, hoist drum, and the
electronics.
 Hoist winch: the hoist winch
assembly consists of the hoist winch
itself (motor, gearbox, hoist drum,
hoist rope, and brakes), the hoist
motor controller, and supporting
components such as the platform.
Many tower cranes have
transmissions with two or more
speeds.
 Hook: the hook (or hooks) is used to
connect the material to the crane. It
is suspended from the hoist rope
either at the tip, for luffing jib
cranes, or in the hoist rope belly
underneath the trolley for
hammerhead cranes.
 Weights: Large concrete
counterweights are mounted toward
the rear of the counter-deck, to
compensate for the weight of the
goods lifted
 WORKING
 The long horizontal jib is the part of the crane that carries the load. The counter-jib
carries a counterweight, usually of concrete blocks, while the jib suspends the load to
and from the center of the crane. The crane operator either sits in a cab at the top of
the tower or controls the crane by radio remote control from the ground. In the first
case the operator's cab is most usually located at the top of the tower attached to the
turntable, but can be mounted on the jib, or partway down the tower. The lifting
hook is operated by the crane operator using electric motors to manipulate wire rope
cables through a system of sheaves. The hook is located on the long horizontal arm to
lift the load which also contains its motor.

PROS & CONS

o Pros:
 Tower cranes surpass the loading and lifting capacity of any other crane in
the world.
 Their height capacity can’t be matched by any other type of crane.
 They have incredible stability and can bear the hardest tasks.

o Cons:
 These cranes are very expensive and they require time, effort and money
to be shifted from one area to another.
 They have a high maintenance cost for repairs and depreciation.
 They have a major labor-intensive to install.
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 GANTRY CRANE
 Also known as portal cranes, gantry cranes typically consist of two
‘A’ frames connected by a lattice cross member which straddles
the work area. The lifting gear is suspended from the horizontal cross
member and can move along it on rails. On small gantry cranes, the
‘A’ frame is wheel mounted, whereas larger cranes are mounted on
powered bogies that run on rail tracks. Larger cranes tend to have the
lifting gear mounted with a driving cab on the cross member.
 Lifting capacity: Small gantry cranes have a 10 tonne capacity, but larger
versions can lift up to 100 tonnes.
 Working Radius: 23 m
 Use: In the construction of Bridge superstructure for lifting heavy girder.
In Ship manufacturing industry ,for lifting heavy parts of ships.
 This form of crane is commonly used for repetitive work on low to
medium-rise developments, or in stock yards to
move equipment and materials.
 Static cranes
 Despite having a similar appearance to the traditional tower
 cranes, static cranes differ in that the lattice mast is mounted on the
slewing ring meaning that the whole tower rotates from one fixed position.
 They are fitted with a luffing jib which can be raised through 90-degrees
from horizontal, with a trolley and hoist block that can move along the
length of the jib.
 Lifting capacity: These will vary depending on the length of the jib, the
position to which the jib is raised, and the position of the hoist block along
the length.
 Use: Static cranes tend to be used for low capacity lifting and are
beneficial in that they tend to allow for a closer approach to the face of
a building.

COMPANY NAME
• SANY MOBILE CRANES

…………….THANK YOU………….