Historical and contemporary nursing

practice

Chapter 1
Dr. Wajed Hatamleh
NUR 211
 Learning Outcomes

1. Discuss historical factors and nursing

leaders influencing the development of
nursing.
2. Discuss the different types of educational
programs for nurses.
3. Discuss the evolution of nursing
education and entry into professional
nursing practice.
 Learning Outcomes (cont'd)

4. Describe how the definition of nursing

evolved since Florence Nightingale.
5. Identify the four major areas of nursing
practice.
7. Identify the purposes of nurse practice
acts and standards of professional
nursing practice.
8. Describe the role of nurses
 Learning Outcomes (cont'd)

10. Describe the expanded career roles and

their functions.
11. Discuss the criteria of a profession and
the professionalization of nursing.
12. Describe factors influencing
contemporary nursing practice
History of Nursing Video

Click here to view a video on the history of nursing.

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 Aspects that have influencing
nursing practice
• Religious (Christian) values
• Women’s roles
• War
• Societal attitudes
• Nursing Leaders
• Nursing Education
• Woman's health: the care provided related to
physical maintenance and comfort.
• Religion: such as spiritual coaling and devotions to
duty and hard work.
• War : have accentuated the need for nursing.
• Societal attitude: social attitude about nurse and
nursing have significantly influence professional
nursing.
• Nurse leaders: Florence nightingale, Clara Barton,
Lillian Wald, laving dock, Margaret singer, and
Mary Breckenridge and others.
 Definition of nursing

• Florence nightingale define nursing that

act of Utilizing the environment of the
patient to assist him in his recovery.
• Virginia Henderson” the unique function of
the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or
well in the performance of those activities
contributing to health or it is recovery”.
 Types of Nursing Education

• Practical or vocational nursing

• Registered nursing
– Diploma
– Associate degree
– Baccalaureate
• Graduate nursing
– Masters
– Doctoral
Types of Nursing Education (cont'd)

• Continuing education and in-service

education
 Things to Consider

• What is the definition of nursing?

• nursing is: caring, art, science, client
centered, holistic, adaptive, a helping
profession, or concerned with health
promotion, health maintenance
 Recipients of Nursing

• Consumer
• Patient
• Client
• Consumer, patient and client.
• Consumer: is an individual. A grope of
people or community that use services or
commodity.
• Patient: is an a person who is waiting for or
under going medical treatment or care.
• A client: is a person who is engage the
advice or services of another who is
qualified to provide the services.
 Scope of Nursing Practice

• Nurse provide care for 3 type: individual,

family, and community.
Nursing practice involve four area:
• Promotion of health and wellness
• Prevention of illness
• Restoration of health
• Care for the dying
 promoting health and wellness

wellness is a state of well being ,nurses

promote wellness in a client who are both
health and ill e.g.:
•improving nutrition and physical fitness
•Preventing drug and alcohols misuse
•Restricting smoking
•Prevent accident and injury in the home
Role and function of the nurse
 Roles and Functions of Nurses
• Care givers: include those activities that
assist the client physically and
psychologically while preserving the client
dignity.
• Communicator: integrated to all nursing
role. In the role of communicator nurse
identify nurse identify clients problem and
then communicate them verbally or in
writing to other member of the health team.
 Roles and Functions of Nurses
(cont'd)
• Teacher : the nurse help client learn about their
health and the health care procedure.
• Client advocate: act to protect the client.
• Counselor: counseling is the process of helping
a client to recognize and cope with stressful
psychological or social problem and to develop
and improve the personal relationship.
• Change agent: make modification on their own
behavior.
 Roles and Functions of Nurses
(cont'd)
• Leader : influence the other to work
together to accomplish to specific goal.
• Manager: manages the nursing care oat
individual family and community.
• Research consumer: use research to
improve cleat care.
 Expanded Career Roles

• Nurse practitioner
• Clinical nurse specialist
• Nurse midwife
• Nurse educator
• Nurse researcher
• Nurse anesthetist
 Setting for nursing practice

• Hospital
• client's home
• community agenesis
• ambulatory activities and others
 Things to Consider

• Profession: defined as occupation that

required extensive education or a calling
that required special knowledge, skill and
preparation.

• What are the criteria of a profession?

 Criteria of a Profession

• Prolonged, specialized training

• Orientation toward service
• Ongoing research
• Code of ethics
• Autonomy
• Professional organization
Factors Influencing Contemporary
Nursing Practice
• Economics
• Consumer demands
• Family structure
• Science and technology
• Information, telecommunications, and
telenursing
• Legislation
• Demography