NURSING

FARZANA SABIQ
FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, VC
OBJECTIVES
• At the end of the session students will be able to:
1. Understand nursing as an evolved
profession
2. Understand the changing trends in nursing
education
3. Understand the legal and ethical principles
guiding nursing
INTRODUCTION TO NURSING
• Has been involved in the
delivery of care, which is
essential in maintaining the
health of society’s members
• Through the years, the image of
the nurse has evolved from that of
a servant to that of a leader in the
delivery of health care
NURSING – WHAT IS IT?
Originated from the Latin word nutrix, which
means to nourish, to cherish, to protect, to
support, to sustain etc. It also means to train, to
educate, to supply with essentials of growth.
 CONT.…

According to the International Council of Nurses (I.C. N.)

nursing is defined as follows:
“Nursing is the unique function of the nurse, that is to assist
the individual (sick or will) in the performance of those
activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to a
peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had
the necessary strength, will or knowledge.”
 THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF NURSING
• Nursing during Primeval Times
• Very little is known about nursing in
primeval times
• From the time of the first mother down to
the present day, we have found women
protecting their children, and taking care
of the elderly and sick members of the
family
• The Middle Ages
• Nursing has its formal roots in the Middle
Ages
• Nursing became a pat of the care of the ill and
injured
• there was a tremendous shortage of people to
care for the sick
• To meet it, women were recruited into nursing
• The Nightingale Era
• Middle of the 18th & 19th century, social reforms
were altering the roles of nurses and women in
general
• Efforts were being made to train nurses,
although programs were few and inadequate
• Florence Nightingale responded by providing
direction for nursing
• After reading about the poor treatment of British
soldiers in the Crimean War, Nightingale
organized nurses to care for the ill and injured in
Crimea
THE EVOLUTION OF NURSING
EDUCATION
• It began with simple teaching on how to carry
out basic nurturing measures
• Progressed to apprenticeships under physicians
and nurses
• Moved into hospitals where schools were
established
• Then increasingly entered colleges and
universities, where formal educational programs
in nursing leading to academic degrees are
offered.
 NURSING-EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Practical or Vocational Nursing programs prepare persons to give basic
patient care under the supervision of a registered nurse, which are 1 year in
length
Diploma in Nursing programs are 3 years in length, which prepare the
registered nurse.

Post-diploma degree programs admit registered nurses without degrees into

programs leading to a baccalaureate degree in nursing.

Baccalaureate Nursing programs are 4 years in length, which prepare

persons to assume leadership roles in health-agency and community health
settings.

Masters in Nursing programs & Doctoral programs

NURSING IN TODAY’S SOCIETY
• Nursing continues to move forward steadily to help
provide society with an increasingly higher quality of
health care
• Today nurses assume many different roles in a great
variety of health-care agencies
ROLES OF THE NURSE
1. Caregiver

To provide effective care- Decision-making skills

throughout the nursing process
Before undertaking any nursing action, whether it is assessing
the patient’s condition, giving care, or evaluation the results of
care, the nurse plans the action by deciding the best approach
for each patient
In some situations, the nurse makes these decisions alone or with
the patient and family, and in other cases the nurse works with
other health care professionals
2. Protector and Patient Advocate
helps maintain a safe environment for
the patient and takes steps to prevent
injury and protect the patient from
possible adverse effects of diagnostic
or treatment measures
Confirming that a patient does not have
an allergy to a medication and
providing immunization against disease
in a community are examples of the
nurse’s protective role
3. Teacher
• Will help promote healthful practices
of daily living, will prevent illness, and
will assist with rehabilitation
• Explains to patients concepts and facts
about health, demonstrates
procedures such as self-care activities,
determines that the patient fully
understands, reinforces learning or
patient behavior, and evaluates
progress in learning
4.COUNSELOR 5. Co-ordinator
• Counseling is the process • Patient should receive a
of helping a patient to continuous health care
recognize and cope with
stressful psychological • Co-ordination is needed to
or social problems, to achieve high quality care with
develop improved communication among team
interpersonal members so that unnecessary
relationships, and to duplications and gaps in
promote personal services can be minimized
growth
6.LEADER 7. Role Model
• Nursing leadership is • The public considers
defined as a mutual nurses to be
process of interpersonal knowledgeable about
influence through which health, and they look to
the nurse helps a patient nurses as role models in
make decisions in this aspect of living
establishing and
achieving goals to
improve the patient’s
well being
NURSING IN THE MALDIVES
• Nursing services in Maldives were initially provided
on an outpatient basis
• All professional nurses were trained abroad until
1991, when the Institute of Health Sciences (IHS)
offered the diploma in nursing and midwifery
• Major developments in nursing and midwifery
education and services in the 1990s included
development of three-year diploma in nursing and
midwifery course
• Some problems and constraints of nursing and
midwifery education and services in the
Maldives included:
• Shortage of trained nurses
• Inadequate training facilities at HIS
• Inadequate opportunities for training within
and outside the country
• Inadequate quality assurance both in training
programs and nursing services.
NURSING EDUCATION INSTITUTES IN MALDIVES

1. Maldives National University: School of

Nursing
2. Villa college: Faculty of health Sciences
3. Zikura College
NURSING PRACTICE

Nursing practice involves four areas related to

health:
1. Health promotion
2. Health maintenance
3. Health restoration
4. Care of the dying
 NURSING ETHICS & REGULATION
• Ethics is the study of conduct and character
• Concerned with determining what is good or
valuable fro individuals
• The nurse should be familiar with some of the
legal principles that are to be practiced in her
profession
• A nurse in order to discharge her functions, as
a legally qualified person should register
herself as licensed nurse
• The registration of nurses with the
nursing council has the following
advantages:
1. Protection of the public
2. Protection of the institution
3. Protection of the patient
4. Protection of the health team
5. Accountability for patient cares
6. Updating the standard for nursing
BASIC TERMS IN HEALTH ETHICS
1. Autonomy: Refers to freedom from external
control
2. Beneficence: Refers to taking positive action to
help others
3. Non-maleficence: Avoidance of harm or hurt
4. Justice: refers to fairness.
5. Fidelity: refers to the agreement to keep
promises
PROFESSIONAL NURSING CODE OF ETHICS

A code of ethics is a set of guiding principles that all

members of a profession accept.
1. Advocacy: Refers to the support of a particular cause.
2. Responsibility: The willingness to respect one’s
professional obligation and to follow through
3. Accountability: The ability to answer one’s own
action
4. Confidentiality: About and protection of patients'
personal health information
ICN codes of ethics for nurses:
http://bioetika.sam.lt/get_file.php?file
TIME TO WORK ON YOURSELF
• Find about more on Ethics in nursing and
make short notes on each ethical term
• Find about Maldivian nurse's code of conduct
and make notes on it