The Web and the Internet

GROUP 4
a. Webs 1.0,2.0,3.0
• Basically there are three versions of WWW (World Wide Web)
 Web 1.0 (1989 to 2005)

• -Web 1.0 this first version of the Web consisted of a few people
creating web pages and content and web pages for a large group of
readers, allowing them to access facts, information, and content
from the sources. This web version is sometimes called “the read-
only Web”.
• Take a real-world dictionary, digitize everything in it, and make it
accessible to people online to look at (but not be able to react to it).
That’s Web 1.0.
 Web 2.0 (2005 to present)

• - This Web form was responsible for creating communities, collaborations, dialogue, and social
media. As a result, Web 2.0 is considered the primary form of web interaction for most of today's
users. Web 2.0 is known as “the participative social Web.” Web 2.0 is a better, more enhanced
version of its predecessor, incorporating web browser technologies such as JavaScript frameworks.
• It encourages self-usage and allows forms of interaction like:
• Podcasting
• Social media
• Tagging
• Blogging
• Commenting
• Curating with RSS
• Social networking
• Web content voting
• It’s used by society at large and not limited to specific communities.
• Mobile Internet access and the rise of social networks have
contributed to a dramatic upturn in Web 2.0’s growth. This
explosion is also fueled by the rampant popularity of mobile devices
such as Android-powered devices and iPhones. In addition, Web
2.0's growth made it possible for apps such as TikTok, Twitter, and
YouTube to expand and dominate the online landscape.
Web 3.0 (Present to Future)
- When trying to figure out the definitive web 3.0 meaning, we need to look
into the future. Although there are elements of Web 3.0 currently available
today, it still has a way to go before it reaches full realization.
-Web 3.0, which is also referred to as Web3, is built on a foundation consisting
of the core ideas of decentralization, openness, and more excellent user
utility. Web 3.0 is the "read, write, execute Web."
-Web 3.0 ultimately lets users interact, exchange information, and securely
conduct financial transactions without a centralized authority or coordinator.
As a result, each user becomes a content owner instead of just a content user.
Uses of Web 1.0, Web 2.0, Web 3.0

• •Uses of Web 1.0: Web 1.0 functions as a CDN (content delivery network), allowing
a chunk of the website to be displayed on the website. As a result, it can be used as
a personal website. The users would be charged in terms of each page view. It is
made up of directories that allow its users to get a certain collection of information.
• •Uses of Web 2.0: The social web comprises numerous platforms and tools. People
contribute their opinions, insights, experiences, and thoughts on these sites. Thus,
Web 2.0 tends to interact substantially more with its end users. These end users are
not only the users of the programs, but also the participants/viewers generated by
podcasts, tagging, blogging, RSS curation, Web content voting, Social media, Social
networking, Social bookmarking, and many more.
• •Uses of Web 3.0: Web 3.0 are enhanced variations of the original web 1.0 and 2.0.
Web 3.0 is the next generation of the current web that we are familiar with.
Potential of Web 3.0

1.Data ownership. You will have the choice of what

details you want to provide to companies and advertising
agencies, and you will be able to make money off of it.

2.There are fewer middlemen.

3.Transparency - Every stakeholder will constantly be

aware of the worth and business they are connected to.
Let’s break down and examine the differences
between the three Webs using this table.
TYPES OF
WEBSITE
Presentation title 11

AFFILIATE NETWORK

A website that is used to sell the

product of a third party. The seller will
automatically receive a large sum of
money for facilitating the sales.
Presentation title 12

MALWARE WEBSITE

•A website was created to attack the computer of any visitor who

visits the sites and download the files given. The users with poor
anti-virus protection are their main target.
Presentation title 13

BLOG The website can enable users to post

things online. The bloggers use the
website to present their ideas and
express their feelings on a general or
personal topic. Some professional
bloggers got paid for their blogs while
others are amateurs. WordPress is an
example of a website that can help you
to create your blogs.
Presentation title 14

CELEBRITY WEBSITE

•A website that revolves around luxurious celebrity lives where

everything related to celebrities and entertainment news is given
away to the public through celebrity websites. It can be either
official or fan-made. Eg: jimcarrey.com
Presentation title 15

CORPORATE WEBSITE
The cooperate website can help the users
to get hold of the background information
about anything under the sun. Especially
the business organizations, services, or
multinational company information are
provided by the site.
 Presentation title 16

E-COMMERCE The website offers e-commerce

WEBSITE services. The goods will be offered
through the website to facilitate
the online sale. Online transactions
are possible through the site and
this enhances the commercial
development of the country. Eg:
Amazon.com
Presentation title 17

GALLERY WEBSITE

This website can be of commercial or non-commercial

nature which focuses on the use of the gallery. The art
gallery or photo gallery which facilitates the transmission
of culture and art.
Presentation title 18

GOVERNMENT WEBSITE

This website is made by the governmental agencies through which

the important notifications, details, and notifies will be shared. This
can be either made by the state, local , departmental or national
organizations. These can also facilitate tourism. Eg: Naenara,
GOV.Uk, USA.gov.
Presentation title 19

The website can help the users

to play online games as much as
they prefer. the online games
can be easily downloaded too. ONLINE GAME
Eg: OGame, Travian, Browser
games, WEBSITE
INFORMATION SITE

The informational sites pass on the

information to the general public on
various matters. Many of the academic,
governmental, and nongovernmental
agencies are using the information
website to pass on valid information to
the public.
PERSONAL WEBSITE

The personal website can be used by

individuals or small groups of organizations.
personal websites are meant to deal with
everything personal. The website is destined
to cover up anything that the individual tries
to convey. It can either be a writing platform
or be an entertainment platform.
Introduction To Internet
The Web and the Internet
Table of Contents
1. Internet

2. Uses of Internet

3. Advantages of Internet

4. Limitations of internet

5. Services of Internet

6. TYPES OF INTERNET
The Internet

The internet is a global network of

interconnected computer networks,
serving billions of users worldwide. The internet is increasingly popular for

It consists of millions of networks, accessing information on various topics,

including private, public, academic, providing opportunities for students,

business, and government, and researchers, and professionals. It allows users

offers a wide range of information to exchange messages, ducuments, and e-

resources and services. services on the world wide web.

Uses of Internet
The internet is a crucial technology in modern times, aiding in daily life,
personal and professional development. It aids students, business
professionals, and doctors in gathering information, filtering necessary
information, and maintaining contacts with friends and relatives living
abroad. It serves as the largest encyclopedia for all age groups.
Uses of Internet
Advantages of Internet
• E-mail - is a crucial business communication tool, enabling instant electronic messages, free,
fast, and affordable compared to traditional mail, telephone, fax, and postal services.

• Information - is probably the biggest advantage internet is offering. There is a huge amount of
information available on the internet for just about every subject, ranging from government law
and services, trade fairs and conferences, market information, new ideas and technical support.
You can almost find any type of data on almost any kind of subject that you are looking for by
using search engines like google, yahoo, msn, etc.

• Online Chat - Chat rooms on MSN and Yahoo websites offer a platform for meeting new people,
making friends, and staying in touch with old ones.

•Services - The internet offers various services such as net banking, job searching, ticket
purchasing, hotel reservations, and guidance on various aspects of life.
Advantages of Internet
•Communities - The internet has created diverse communities, providing a platform for individuals to
connect with others of similar interests and engage in discussions on common issues.

• Ecommerce - Along with getting information on the Internet, you can also shop online. There are many
online stores and sites that can be used to look for products as well as buy them using your credit
card. You do not need to leave your house and can do all your shopping from the convenience of your
home.

•Entertainment - Internet provides facility to access wide range of Audio/Video songs, plays films.
Many of which can be downloaded. One such popular website is YouTube.

• Software Downloads - You can freely download innumerable, softwares like utilities, games, music,
videos, movies, etc from the Internet.
Limitations of Internet
• Theft of personal information
Internet messages can be easily tracked and snooped upon, revealing
conversations and personal information. Unauthorized access to personal details,
including credit card and bank details, can lead to theft.

•Negative effects on family communication

It is generally observed that due to more time spent on Internet, there is a
decrease in communication and feeling of togetherness among the family members.

•Internet addiction
There is some controversy over whether it is possible to actually be addicted to
the Internet or not. Some researchers, claim that it is simply people trying to escape
their problems in an online world.
Limitations of Internet
•Children using the Internet
Internet safety concerns are increasing, with parents often unaware of potential
dangers for their children. Online conversations can lead to harmful interactions, and
pornography, a prevalent issue, can deter young children from using the internet.

•Virus Threat
Computers are increasingly exposed to viruses, which disrupt normal system
functioning and can cause significant damage, particularly when connected to the
internet.

•Spamming
Spam, often compared to mass junk mailings, is the act of sending unsolicited
emails, often commercial advertising, often for dubious products or quasi-legal
services, with costs often paid by the recipient or carriers.
Services of Internet
The Internet offers essential services such as email, discussion groups, long-distance
computing, and file transfers. Email is the fastest communication method, allowing users to send
software and compressed digital images. Discussion groups facilitate debates and news sharing,
while long-distance computing enables program execution on distant computers.

1. E-mail (electronic mail) - E-mail is a fast, paperless method for sending messages, notes, or
letters via the internet. It works 24/7, allowing for immediate delivery and access to the message
even during holidays. E-mail also allows for the sending of additional files, graphics, and images. It
is cheap, especially for sending messages to other states or countries, and can be forwarded,
replied to, stored, or deleted. The sender can request a delivery receipt and read it from the
recipient.

2. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)- FTP is an internet utility software that enables file uploading and
downloading between computers. It operates similarly to a client/server relationship, with the FTP
client acting as a program on the computer. The FTP server requests information from the client,
and if the client doesn't have an account, anonymous login can be used to access public archives
worldwide.
Services of Internet
FTP :

3. TELNET (remote computing) - Telnet is a telecommunication utility software that enables users to
access remote computers. It works by sending commands from a client computer to an ISP, who
then connects the remote computer. Most ISPs allow users to access TELENET from another city.
Types of Internet
Here is a list of some of the popular types of Internet Connections:
1. Dial-up Internet
2. Broadband Connection
3. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
4. Cable
5. Satellite Connection
6. Wireless Connection
7. Cellular
8. Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN)
Types of Internet
1. A dial-up connection is established between your
computer and the ISP server using a modem.
A dial-Up Connection is a cheap and traditional connection
that is not preferred these days as this type of connection
is very slow.
2. Broadband Connection - refers to high-speed
internet access that is faster than traditional dial-up
access. It is provided through either cable or telephone
composition.It does not require any telephone
connection that’s why here we can use telephone and
internet connection simultaneously.
In this connection, more than one person can access
the internet connection simultaneously.
Types of Internet
3. DSL - stands for Digital Subscriber Line. It provides
an internet connection through the telephone
line(network). DSL is a form of broadband communication
that is always on, there is no need to dial a phone number
to connect.
DSL service can be delivered simultaneously with wired
telephone service on the same telephone line due to high-
frequency bands for data.
4. Cable - It is a form of broadband access cable
modem that can provide extremely fast access to
the internet. The speed of this connection varies
which can be different for uploading data
transmission or downloading.
It uses a cable modem to provide an internet
connection and operates over cable TV lines.
Types of Internet
5. Satellite Connection - This type of connection is
provided mainly in rural areas where a broadband
connection is not yet offered. It accesses the internet via a
satellite that is in Earth’s orbit.
The signal travels from a long distance that is from earth to
satellite and back again which provides a delayed
connection. Satellite connection speeds range from 512k
to 2.0Mbps.
6. Wireless Connection - As the name suggests
wireless connection does not use telephone lines
or cables to connect to the internet.
The wireless connection uses a radio frequency
band to connect to the internet. It ranges from
5Mbps to 20Mbps.
Types of Internet
7. Cellular - Cellular technology provides wireless Internet
access through cell phones. Speed may vary depending
on the service provider.
The most common are 3G and 4G which means from 3rd
generation and 4th generation respectively.
8. ISDN - stands for Integrated Service Digital
Network and it is a circuit-switched telephone
network system, but it also provides access to
packet-switched networks that transmits both
voice and data over a digital line.
ISDN connection provides better speeds and
higher quality than traditional connections.
THE CURRENT TRENDS
IN THE SOCIETY
• Internet
• Social media
• Voice search
• E-commerce
• Live streaming
• Artificial intelligence
 INTERNET
the internet is the decesive technology of the information age , as the
electrical engine was the the vector of technological transformation of
the industrial age. this global network of computer networks , largley
based nowadays on platforms of wireless communication , provides
ubiquitos capacity of multimodal, interactive communication in
choosen time transcending space. the internet is not really a new
technology ; its ancestor , the arpanet , was first deployed in 1969
(abbate 1999) . but it was in the 1990s when it was privatized and
released from the control of the u.s department of commerce that itr
diffused around the world at extraordinary speed: in 1996 the first
survey of internet uses counted about 40 million ; in 2013 they are over
2.5 million with china counting for the largest number internet user .
 SOCIAL MEDIA
• Social media has continued too dominate the
internet ,as it plays an important role in our daily
lives .platform such as
facebook ,Instagram ,twitter and tiktok have
become popular channel for people to express
themselves ,connect with friends and family and
promote their businesses. with billions of users ,
social media has become a powerful too for
businesses to reach their target audience and
expand their reach.
 VOICE SEARCH
• voice search is becoming increasingly
popular as more people use virtual
assistance ke siri, google assistance ,and
alexa to search information , play music
and control their devices .with voice search,
people can perform tasks without
physically interacting with their devices .
making it a convinent and hands free way
to get things done .
 E-COMMERCE
• the rise of E-commerce has transformed
the way we shop , as more people turn
to people turn to online stores for their
shopping needs . E - commerce
platforms such as amazon ,eBay , and
alibaba have made it easy for consumers
to purchase products online and have
them delivered to their doorstep . the
pandemic has accelerated the growth of
e- commerce , as more people are
shopping online to avoid physical
contract.
 LIVE STREAMING
• live streaming has become a popular way
for people to connect and engage with their
audience , whether its for entairtainment ,
education , or business . platforms such as
youtube, twitch , facebook, and etc. allow
people to stream live videos to their
followers , providing a platform for real -
time interaction and engagement .
 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing
the internet . as it plays a major role in
everything from search engines to personal
assistance . with AI , machines can learn
from data and make decisions based on
patterns and algorithms .this technology is
reshaping the way we interact with the
internet , making it more personalized and
efficient.
 EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES
Introduction
Emerging technology is a term
generally used to describe a new
technology, but it may also refer to
the continuing development of an
existing technology; it can have
slightly different meaning when
used in different areas, such as
media, business, science, or
education.

47
48
CONTENTS

1 Flexible batteries
2 Generative artificial intelligence
3 Sustainable aviation fuel
4 Metaverse for mental health
5 Wearable plant sensors
6 Spatial omics
7 Flexible neural electronic
8 Sustainable computing
9 Designer phages
10 AI-facilitated healthcare
01 Flexible batteries
Powering wearable
technologies
for healthcare and e-textiles.
 They are made of lightweight, bendable materials and have very quickly
gained in popularity - flexible batteries are now appearing in everything from
wearable medical devices and sensors to flexible displays, smartwatches, and
textile-based electronics. These batteries are rechargeable and include lithium-
ion or zinc-carbon systems that can be bent, twisted, and stretched.
Globally, the flexible-battery market is expected to expand rapidly in order
to meet increased demand not just for wearable devices but also for greater
miniaturization and elasticity. Several companies are already developing and
commercializing related technology, though there is still plenty of room for
innovation and further advances.

51
02 Generative artificial
intelligence
Expanding the boundaries
of human endeavour.
 Generative artificial intelligence can create new and original content by
learning patterns in data, through the use of complex algorithms and methods
inspired by the human brain. While it is still mostly used for text, code, images,
and sound, it will likely be applied to an increasingly broad range of other
purposes, including drug design, architecture, and engineering.
It will also be deployed more often to create educational materials and in the
workplace, though related ethical issues must be carefully considered in order
to ensure its responsible use - by mitigating the bias imputed into underlying AI
systems, for example, and by respecting copyrights and individual privacy. With
the necessary controls in place, generative AI may have the potential to boost
creativity and successfully challenge conventional thinking.

53
03 Sustainable aviation fuel
Moving the aviation industry
towards net-zero carbon
emissions
 Aviation currently has a significant carbon footprint - it accounts for between
2% and 3% of global emissions. Sustainable aviation fuel, however, can be
produced from biological and non-biological resources, and is one of several
strategies the aviation industry is looking to in order to try to achieve net-zero
carbon emissions by 2050. Currently, sustainable aviation fuel accounts for less
than 1% of global jet fuel demand. But airlines, manufacturers, and fuel
companies are working to create hundreds of new sustainable fuel production
plants.
The American Society of Testing and Materials has approved nine varieties of
the fuel for blending with conventional jet fuel, as new versions are being
developed - with some even produced from captured CO2 and green hydrogen
wrought from renewable energy.
04 Metaverse for mental
health
Shared virtual spaces to
improve mental health.
 There was a 13% increase in mental health conditions and substance use
disorders globally between 2007 and 2017, according to the World Health
Organization, and that was before COVID-19 triggered a 25% increase in the
prevalence of anxiety and depression worldwide. Excessive screen time and
social media use can decrease psychological well-being, but the responsible use
of virtual shared spaces in the metaverse may actually aid mental health.
This relatively new, immersive iteration of the internet has the potential to
support multiple aspects of mental health care. Gaming platforms and non-
invasive technologies like electrode-containing headsets are currently being
explored for the purposes of treatment, for example.
05 Wearable plant sensors
Revolutionizing agricultural
data
collection to feed the world.
 In order to adequately feed an expanding global population by the year 2050,
food production must increase by 70%, according to the UN Food and
Agriculture Organization. Agricultural innovation is therefore crucial. Recent
advances in crop monitoring include the use of sensor-equipped tractors and
low-resolution satellite data, and have already helped farmers boost efficiency.
Wearable plant sensors promise to improve plant health and increase
agricultural productivity. These sensors are small, non-invasive devices that can
be attached to crop plants for continuous monitoring of temperature, humidity,
moisture and nutrient levels. Data from plant sensors can optimize yields,
reduce water, fertilizer and pesticide use, and detect early signs of disease.
06 Spatial omics
Molecular-level
mapping
of biological processes to
unlock life’s mysteries.
 Spatial omics combines advanced imaging techniques with DNA sequencing,
to map out biological processes at a molecular level. This emerging technique
enables the visualization of previously unobservable cell architecture and
biological events - something that can be used to develop molecular-level “cell
atlases” of different species. Spatial omics has the potential to aid therapeutic
discovery, the characterization of tumours, and the study of infectious diseases.
The market for spatial omics solutions is growing, though technical
challenges related to data acquisition, processing, storage, and standardized
reporting must be addressed in order to realize its full potential. Ultimately, it
could revolutionize our understanding of biological systems.
07 Flexible neural electronics
Better engineered circuits to
interface with the nervous
system.
 Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) use sensors to capture electrical signals from
the brain in order to control machines. While BMI-like systems are already in
use for treating epilepsy and in some prosthetic devices, traditional probes can
cause discomfort and suffer from poor signal accuracy.
Recently, though, researchers have developed flexible BMIs that conform to
the brain. These could deepen our understanding of brain diseases, provide
greater control of prosthetics, and boost the development of brain-monitoring
devices and brain stents. Future advances may eventually lead to true human-
artificial intelligence interfacing, though ethical issues must first be considered
before that becomes widely implemented.
08 Sustainable computing
Designing and
implementing
net-zero-energy data
centres.
 Data centres account for an estimated 1% of global electricity consumption
and increasingly contribute to a worsening environmental crisis. However,
innovative computing solutions that promote sustainable energy use are being
developed in response. Multiple energy-efficiency techniques are aiding this
effort, including liquid-cooling systems and the repurposing of excess heat.
Ultimately, achieving net-zero-energy data centres will require even more
creative approaches to integrating and co-designing technologies for electricity
generation, storage, and management.
09 Designer phages
Engineering viruses to
augment
human, animal and plant
health.
 Phages, or viruses that can selectively attack specific types of bacteria, may
be strategically deployed to engineer the human “microbiome” - the microbes
living on and within the body that are crucial for human health.
Such “designer” phages have demonstrated a potential to both treat
microbiome-associated diseases, and boost agricultural productivity. Promising
early research results have attracted significant amounts of venture capital
investment for the clinical testing of engineered phages, which could be a
potentially powerful tool used to improve human, animal, and plant health.
Phages are also being designed as feed supplements to enhance the growth of
livestock, treat certain plant diseases and eliminate dangerous bacteria in food
supply chains, in alignment with the World Health Organization’s “One Health”
approach.
10 AI-facilitated healthcare
New technologies to improve
the
efficiency of healthcare
systems.
 The COVID-19 pandemic cast a harsh light on the weaknesses of public
health systems worldwide. That has hastened the incorporation of artificial
intelligence and machine learning into healthcare; these technologies can help
anticipate and effectively address future health crises, and reduce wait times for
medical care. AI-based healthcare could particularly benefit developing
countries, where systems can often be inadequate.
In the next few years, AI-based healthcare solutions are therefore likely to
become increasingly prevalent. However, challenges such as data privacy
concerns, uncertain levels of public acceptance, and patient compliance must be
addressed. A carefully crafted ethical framework will be necessary for any
system entrusted with vast amounts of personal data.