THRMYH

BIMCAI
FLCCION
ETOPIC
IENL
N AA Z T S
UHIKA
What is Poetry?
Poetry is a form of literature which allows the writers who called
to be “poets” to express their thoughts, feelings, emotions, ideas
about a particular theme or topic.
It will be easy for us to identify if the literary piece is under poetry.
Poetry is cast in lines. It uses forms and elements and does not use
ordinary syntax. We do not use ordinary sentence formation since
there are elements and techniques used by the poets.
ELEMENTS OF
POETRY
A. STRUCTURE and
SOUND
Poetic Line or Line is a group of words that form a single line of
poetry.

He clasps the crag with crooked hands;

Close to the sun in lonely lands,
Ring’d with the azure world, he stands.
Stanza is a section of a poem named for the number of lines it
contains.
In his poem, The Eagle, Alfred, Lord Tennyson breaks his poem into two
stanzas:
He clasps the crag with crooked hands;
Close to the sun in lonely lands,
Ring’d with the azure world, he stands.

The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls;

He watches from his mountain walls,
And like a thunderbolt he falls.
Kinds of Stanza
Couplet = a two-line stanza
Triplet (Tercet) = a three-line stanza
Quatrain = a four-line stanza – This is the usual kind of stanza
Quintet = a five-line stanza
Sestet (Sextet) = a six-line stanza
Septet = a seven-line stanza
Octave = an eight-line stanza
Enjambment is when there is no written or natural
pause at the end of a poetic line, so that the word-flow
carries over to the next line. It affects the forms of the poem
on a page. It can create certain form relevant to a poem’s
content.
Meter is a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.
Meter happens when the stressed and unstressed syllables of
the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern. In
meter, when poets write, they need to count out the number of
stressed (strong) syllables and unstressed (weak) syllables for
each line. They repeat the pattern throughout the poem.
FOOT is a unit of meter. A foot can have two or three syllables.
Usually consists of one stressed and one or more unstressed syllables.
The types of feet are determined by the arrangement of stressed and
unstressed syllables.

1. trochee (adjective form, trochaic)

stressed-unstressed
2. anapest (anapestic)
unstressed-unstressed-stressed
 3. dactyl (dactylic)
stressed-unstressed-unstressed
4. iamb (iambic)
unstressed-stressed
End Rhyme has same or similar sounds at the end of words that
finish different lines.
Example: The following are the first two rhyming lines from

“The King of Cats Sends a Postcard to His Wife” by Nancy Willard:

Keep your whiskers crisp and clean,
Do not let the mice grow lean,
Internal Rhyme has same or similar sounds at the end of
words within a line.
Example: A line showing internal rhyme from
When they said the time to hide was mine,
- “The Rabbit” by Elizabeth Maddox Roberts
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary.
- “The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe
TYPES OF VERSE
 Traditional Form
Poems with rhyme and with meter.

 Free Verse:
Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry does NOT have any
repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables. Does NOT
have rhyme.

 Blank Verse:
Written in lines of iambic pentameter but does NOT use end rhyme.
With METER without end RHYME
After the Sea-Ship (By Walt Whitman)
“After the Sea-Ship—after the whistling winds;
After the white-gray sails, taut to their spars and ropes,
Below, a myriad, myriad waves, hastening, lifting up their necks,
Tending in ceaseless flow toward the track of the ship:
Waves of the ocean, bubbling and gurgling, blithely prying,
Waves, undulating waves—liquid, uneven, emulous waves,
Toward that whirling current, laughing and buoyant, with curves,
Where the great Vessel, sailing and tacking, displaced the surface…”
Furball Friend (Author Unknown)
“Sweet pet by day, hunter by night. She sleeps,
she eats, she plays. My feet, caught in white paws.
She’s up the fence, watching her prey – a bird.
Poor thing, better run quick, ’cause watch, she’ll pounce!
She’ll sweetly beg for fuss, but don’t be fooled.
‘Cause one minute she’ll purr and smile, then snap!
She’ll spit and hiss – and oh – surprise! A mouse.
He’s dead. A gift. Retracts her claws. Miaow!
Figure of eight between my legs, looks up
at me and purrs. The sound pulls my heartstrings.
Sonnet No. 41' from Spenser's Amoretti
'Is it her nature or is it her will,
To be so cruel to a humbled foe?
If nature, then she may it mend with skill,
If will, then she at will may will forgo.
But if her nature and her will be so,
C. ELEMENTS OF
FICTION
Setting is the time and place where a story or poem takes place.

Point of View / Narrative Voice is the person narrating a story or

poem (the story/poem could be narrated in first person (I, we), second
person (you), or third person limited or omniscient (he/she, they).
Dialect or Colloquial Language is the style of speaking of the
narrator and the characters in a story or poem (according to their region,
period, and social expectations).

Conflict is the problem or situation a character or characters face in a

story or poem.

Plot is the series of events in a story or poem.

Characterization is the development of the characters in a story or
poem (what they look like, what they say and do, what their
personalities are like, what they think and feel, and how they are
referred to or treated by others).

Dialog or Dialogue is the conversation between the characters in a

story or poem.
Tone and Voice are the distinctive, idiosyncratic way a narrator has of
telling a story or poem (tone and voice depend on the intended audience,
the purpose for writing, and the way the writer or poem feels about
his/her subject).

Style is the way a writer uses words to craft a story or poem.

Mood is the feelings and emotions the writer wants the reader to
experience.

Theme and Message are the main topic of a story or poem, and
the message the author or poet wants to convey about that topic.
D. FORMS OF POETRY
1. Found poems are created through the careful selection and
organization of words and phrases from existing text. These take existing
texts and refashion them, reorder them, and present them as poems. The
literary equivalent of a collage found poetry is often made from
newspaper articles, street signs, graffiti, speeches, letters, or even other
poems.
2. Tanaga is a type of Filipino poem which consists of four lines
with seven syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of each line. It
has a 7-7-7-7 syllabic verse, with commonly an AABB rhyme scheme

1. “Oh be resilient you Stake5 2. Inumit na salapi

Should the waters be coming! Walang makapagsabi
I shall cower as the moss Kahit na piping saksi
To you I shall be clinging.” Naitago na kasi.
3. Diona is an ancient form of poetry that is composed of 7 syllables
for every verse/line, 3 verses/lines for every stanza, and has a single
rhyme scheme.

1. Kung ang aso hinahanap 2. Lolo, ‘wag malulungkot

Pag nagtampo’t naglayas Ngayong uugod-ugod
Ikaw pa kaya anak. Ako po’y inyong tungkod
– Ferdinand Bajado – Gregorio Rodillo
4. Haiku is a Japanese poem written in three lines following the Five
Syllables, Seven Syllables and Five Syllables. Often focusing on images
from nature, haiku emphasizes simplicity, intensity, and directness of
expression.

I call to my love
on mornings ripe with sunlight.
The songbirds answer.
5. An Acrostic poem is a poem where the first letters of each
line spell out a word or phrase vertically that acts as the theme or
message of the poem. Sometimes a word or phrase can also be found
down the middle or end of the poem, but the most common is at the
beginning. A lot of people use these poems to describe people or
holidays, and lines can be made up of single words or phrases. Acrostic
poems do not follow a specific rhyme scheme, so they are easier to
write.
Example of An Acrostic poem:

A FRIEND
F is for the fun we had together
R is for the relaxing time we shared together
I is for the interesting moments we had
E is for the entertaining time we spent
N is for the never-ending friendship that we'll have
D is for the days we'll never forget
6. A sonnet is a poem that has 14 lines and follows a specific rhyme
scheme. It comes from the Italian word that means “little song.” There
are various types of sonnets, and each one is formatted a little differently,
following various rhyme schemes. The three main types are the Italian
(or Petrarchan) sonnet, the English (or Shakespearean) sonnet, and the
Spenserian sonnet. They are named after the poets who made them
famous. These forms have been around since the sixteenth century. The
poem is written in three quatrains and ends with a couplet.
How Do I Love Thee?
By Elizabeth Barrett Browning
How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight
For the ends of being and ideal grace.
I love thee to the level of every day's
Most quiet need, by sun and candlelight.
I love thee freely, as men strive for right;
I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.
I love with a passion put to use
In my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith.
I love thee with a love I seemed to lose
With my lost saints, I love thee with the breath,
Smiles, tears, of all my life! and, if God choose,
I shall but love thee better after death.
6. Concrete Poem is a poem that uses
words to form the shape of the subject of
the poem (also known as a “shape poem”
7. Lyric Poem is a short poem that usually written in first person
point of view and expresses an emotion or an idea or describes a scene.
It does not tell a story and are often musical.
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
BY WILLIAM WORDSWORTH
 Sing, Goddess, Achilles' rage,
9. Narrative Poem is a
Black and murderous, that cost the Greeks
form of poetry that tells a
Incalculable pain, pitched countless souls
story, often making the voices
Of heroes into Hades' dark,
of a narrator and characters as
And left their bodies to rot as feasts
well; the entire story is
For dogs and birds, as Zeus' will was done.
usually written in metered
Begin with the clash between Agamemnon
verse. Narrative poems do not
The Greek warlord - and godlike Achilles.
need rhyme.
- The Iliad by Homer
 Sing, Goddess, Achilles' rage,
9. Narrative Poem is a
Black and murderous, that cost the Greeks
form of poetry that tells a
Incalculable pain, pitched countless souls
story, often making the voices
Of heroes into Hades' dark,
of a narrator and characters as
And left their bodies to rot as feasts
well; the entire story is
For dogs and birds, as Zeus' will was done.
usually written in metered
Begin with the clash between Agamemnon
verse. Narrative poems do not
The Greek warlord - and godlike Achilles.
need rhyme.
- The Iliad by Homer
END OF SLIDES…