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My (ppt)
Name : Muzammil Miraj
Class : SS1
AD NO : 490
Subject : Social & Science
Topic : Federalism
 Federalism
Definition:

It is a system of govt. in which power is divided between a

central authority and various constituent units of the country.
 2 levels government

• Government for the entire country

• Governments at the level of provinces/states.
• Both enjoy power independent of the other.
• State Government has power of its own and not answerable
to the center.
• Example : USA
Unitary Government

• Only one level of Government.

• Sub units subordinated
• Centre can pass orders to the local
Government.
• Example: United Kingdom
 Features of Federalism.
• Has two/more levels of Govt.
• Each level has its own Power or jurisdiction.
• Jurisdiction is specified by the constitution. and there is
constitutional guarantee of authority.
• Constitutional provisions can be changed only with the
consent of both levels of Govt.
• Court interprets the constitution and powers of different levels
of Govt. Supreme court is the umpire if disputes arise with
different levels of Govt.
• Sources of revenue are clearly specified.
 Introduction to Federalism in
I ndi a
• Federalism is a system of government in which powers are
divided between two or more levels of government, such as
the centre and the states or provinces.
• Federalism allows for the accommodation of diversity and
regional autonomy within a larger political unit.
• Federation this word comes from Latin word foedus and
foedus means contract.
• In federation contract between centre and states.
 Key Features of the Indian Federal
System

• Federalism in India is guaranteed by the Indian

constitution which is seen as supreme.
• What are the federal characteristics of India?
• India has some federal characteristics, such as a
clear division of powers between the Centre and the
states, a dual government polity, a written
constitution, supremacy of the Constitution,
constitutional rigidity, independent judicial
bicameralism, and so on.
 Historical Evolution of Federalism
in India

Kumara Singham identifies three key aspects

of India's federalism:
1. Its origins in partition and princely states,
2. Its constitutional power over borders,
3. Its early compromise of cultural elements
in the first decade.
 Role of the Central Government in
Indian Federalism

• The centre has been assigned the important roles of:

Nation-building and nation preserving; Maintaining and
protecting national unity and integrity; and. Maintaining
constitutional political order throughout the union of India.
• The role of a central government is to administer over a
nation.
 P o w e r s a n d Functions of State
G o v e r n m e n t s i n I ndi a

• States have jurisdiction over education, agriculture,

public health, sanitation, hospitals and dispensaries and
many other departments.
• The state governments also have to maintain the internal
security, law and order in the state.
• Financial powers of legislature include authorisation of
all expenditure, taxation and borrowing by the state
government.
 Inter-state Relations and
Cooperation in Federal India

• India's states have a cooperative

relationship, working together to
implement national policies and
address common concerns. However,
tensions can arise on issues like
resource distribution and funding
allocation.
Emerging Trends and Debates
in Indian Federalism

• The dynamics of federalism in India continue to evolve,

giving rise to various emerging trends and debates.
• Some of these include the role of regional political parties,
the demand for greater autonomy by certain states, and
the implications of economic reforms on federal relations.
 Comparative A nalysis of Indian
Federalism with other countries

• Indian federalism is a unique quasi-federal system

with a strong central government and less
autonomy for state governments. The Indian
Constitution distributes powers between the Centre
and States, but the Centre can intervene in state
matters under certain circumstances.
 Conclusion: P rospec ts and
Future of Indian Federalism

• Federalism in India is guaranteed by the Indian constitution which is

seen as supreme.
• There are several important features of federalism like the division of
power, Constitutional supremacy, written constitution, rigidity,
independent judiciary and a bi-cameral legislature.
• The future of Indian federalism, which means how power is shared
between the central government and the state governments, has both
good things and challenges.
 Thanks!
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Present by Muzammil Miraj