Pengertian Teori Kognitif.

Merujuk kepada aktiviti mental seperti berfikir,

menaakul, membentuk konsep, menyelesaikan
masalah, menganalisis, dan sebagainya.

Behavioral ditentukan oleh pemikiran.

 Attribution theory.
(Bernad Weiner)

• Teori motivasi ini bermula apabila kita membuat andaian

tentang tingkah laku sendiri atau tingkah laku orang lain
dengan melihat penerangan dan sebab.

• Teori atribusi menerangkan bagaimana individu itu

membuat penerangan, tanggapan dan helah mengenai diri
sendiri atau orang lain berdasarkan motivasi.
 Causes for success or failure.

locus controllability

stability
Dimention classification Reason for failure
Internal-stable-uncontrollable Low aptitude

Internal-stable-controllable Never studies

Internal-unstable- uncontrollable Sick the day of the exam

Internal-unstable- controllable Did not study for this particular test

External-stable-uncontrollable School has hard requirements

External-stable-controllable Instructor is based

External-unstable-uncontrollable Bad luck

External-unstable-controllable Friends failed to help

When failure is attributed to lack of ability, and ability is considered
uncontrollable, the sequence of motivation is:

Failure Lack of ability

Not responsible uncontrollable

Shame, embarrassment withdraw

Performance declines
When failure is attributed to lack of effort (a controllable cause), the
sequence is:

Failure Lack of effort

Responsible controllable

Guilt Engagement

Performance Improves
 Expectancy x Value Theories.

MEMOTIVASI DENGAN
MENGUBAH HARAPAN-HARAPAN
􀂄 ELEMEN-ELEMEN DASAR TEORI HARAPAN
􀀹 EXPECTANCY: the belief that effort leads to performance
􀀹INSTRUMENTALITY: the belief that performance is
related to rewards
􀀹VALENCE: the value or importance one places on a
particular reward Effort Performance