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Role of Molecular Markers in Pedigree

Breeding

Name: Ambika
ID No.: PAMB0059
Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding
 Introduction

• Pedigree selection is the one of the widely used method of plant breeding in
self pollinated crop

• This method is given by H.H. Lowe in 1927

• In Pedigree method, a detailed record of the relationship between the selected

plants and their progenies is maintained

• In every generation each progeny can be traced back to the F2 plant from which
it originated

• The pedigree may be defined as a description of the ancestors of an individual

and it generally goes back to some distant ancestors
 Why MAS?

• Performed on seedling material

• MAS is not affected by environmental conditions

• When recessive alleles determine traits of interest

• Low heritable traits can be selected

• Cheaper and Faster

• Linkage drag can be reduced

 MAS in Pedigree Breeding

• MAS conducted at F2 or F3

• Plants with only desirable gene/QTL can be selected and alleles are
fixed in the homozygous state

• Advantage for later stages of breeding programme because resources

can be used to fewer lines

MAS for 1 QTL- 75% elimination of (3/4) unwanted genotypes

MAS for 2 QTL- 94% elimination of (15/16) unwanted genotypes

Improving oil quality by altering levels of fatty acids through
marker-assisted selection of ahfad2 alleles in peanut (Arachis
hypogaea L.)

• In peanut, ahFAD2 gene controls quantity of two major fatty acids viz,
oleic and linoleic acids. These two fatty acids together with palmitic acid
constitute 90% fat composition in peanut and regulate the quality of peanut
oil
• Here, two ahfad2 alleles from SunOleic 95R were introgressed into ICGV
05141 using marker-assisted selection
• Marker-assisted breeding effectively increased oleic acid and oleic to
linoleic acid ratio in recombinant lines up to 44% and 30%, respectively as
compared to ICGV 05141
• In addition to improved oil quality, the recombinant lines also had
superiority in pod yield together with desired pod/seed attributes
ICGV 05141 X SunOleic 95R

Individual F1 plants were tagged and genotyped with allele specific

F1 markers. The F1 plants having double mutant alleles were selfed and
harvested single plant basis.

F2 plants were genotyped with allele specific markers to identify double

mutant lines. Further double mutant lines were genotyped using CAPS
F2 markers to select homozygous double mutant lines. 21 Homozygous
double mutant lines were further advanced to next generations

F3

Phenotyped for oil content, protein content and fatty acid profile

F4
Phenotyped for oil content, protein content and fatty acid profile

F5
Oleic, linoleic and palmitic acid content in recombinant lines and parents
Oleic to linoleic acid ratio in recombinant lines and parents
 Conclusion

• Plant breeding has made remarkable progress in crop improvement and

it is critical that this continue

• MAS could greatly assist plant breeders in reaching this goal

• The exploitation of the advantages of MAS relative to conventional

breeding could have a great impact on crop improvement