AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

Name: S.Hari Prasath

Roll No:23MS31
Structure of automatic transmission
 Automatic Transmission
An Automatic Transmission in also called as AT is a multi-
speed transmission used in motor vehicles that does not require
any input from the driver to change gears under normal driving
conditions.
Three major components involved in AT :
1. Torque Converter
2. Planetary Gear Set
3. Hydraulic System.
Automatic transmissions don’t have a clutch instead, they have a
torque converter.
 Torque Converter
• A torque converter is a type of fluid coupling which is used to
transfer rotating power from the engine of a vehicle to
the transmission.
• Torque converter sits in between the engine
and transmission.
Various parts in torque converter
 Turbine
• The turbine powers the output shaft and is present in
front of the pump attached to the flywheel. It rotates
in an opposite direction to what the fluid is rotating
as to absorb the torque and make the output shaft
move.
 Torque Converter Pump
• The pump is connected to the casing of the torque
converter which is connected to the flywheel. It
moves the fluid present inside the casing in a
direction opposite to the direction of the casing
rotation.
 Stator(Reactor)
• Stator’s job is to ensure the fluid direction is correct
after it comes out of the turbine. The correct
direction as same as the direction of the pump.(only
one direction).
Vehicle at rest :
• Engine and pump rotating but turbine is idle and does not transmit power to out put
shaft.
• Pressure increases at this stage.

Vehicle at moving stage:

• Sudden pickup due to high pressure.
• Stator also stats rotating along with turbine.
• Pressure reduces at this stage.

Vehicle at certain speed(e.g.100Km/Hr):

• Zero pressure
• Rotates at high speed
 EPICYCLIC GEAR BOX
• Planetary gear set is the major gear used in automatic
transmission vehicles.
• It gives No.of speeds + 1 Reverse gear(for E.g.6 forward gear +
1 Reverse gear).
• Planetary gear:-
 Working of Planet gears
• Sun gear is driving gear from input shaft And planet
gears are driven gear.
• Here sun gear has 30 teeth and planet gears has 20
teeth.
• Ring gear is connected to planet gear around all
gears.
 EPICYCLIC GEAR BOX CLUTCH
• Considering the engine speed the ECU handles
the gear shifting using multiplate clutch.
• Clutches are engaged and disengaged by the
hydraulic pressure which is controlled by ECU
by hydraulic valves.
• By using this clutches and planetary gears the
power is next moved to the differential using
propeller shaft and the power is distributed to
the wheels
EPICYCLIC GEAR BOX
CLUTCH
 ADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATIC
TRANSMISSION
• It makes driving much easier, We don’t have to
worry about shifting gears mainly considering
the traffic.
• It requires less amount of effort for driver to
operate the vehicle.
• Better fuel mileage that also depends on the
type of engine.
• It moves the vehicles smoother.
• Continuous and quick acceleration is possible.
 DISADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATIC
TRANSMISSION
• It is more expensive than manual transmission.
• It has less mechanical efficiency.
• A quick speed reduction is not possible as
manual transmission.
• It increases maintenance cost.
• It is complex to manufacture.
Thank you