KGiSL Institute of Technology

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi; Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

Recognized by UGC, Accredited by NBA (IT)
365, KGiSL Campus, Thudiyalur Road, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore – 641035.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Name of the Faculty : Ms. T.N.Aruna

Subject Name & Code : CS8791/ Cloud Computing

Branch & Department : Computer Science and Engineering

Year & Semester : IV / VII

Academic Year :2023-24

CS8791/CC/IVCSE/VIISEM/KG-KiTE
 Course Outcome

CO 1 Explain the fundamentals of Cloud Computing.K2 LEVEL

CS8791/CC/IVCSE/VIISEM/KG-KiTE
Syllabus
UNIT I INTRODUCTION
Introduction to Cloud Computing – Definition of Cloud – Evolution
of Cloud Computing –Underlying Principles of Parallel and
Distributed Computing – Cloud Characteristics – Elasticity in Cloud
– On Demand Provisioning

CS8791/CC/IVCSE/VIISEM/KG-KiTE
Elasticity

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 ELASTICITY IN CLOUD COMPUTING

• Elastic computing is nothing but a concept in cloud computing resources can be scaled
up and down easily by the cloud service provider
• It is defined as the ability of a system to add and remove resources (such as CPU cores,
memory, VM and container instances) to adapt to the load variation in real time.
• Cloud service provider gives you provision to flexible computing power when and
wherever required
• The elasticity of these resources depends upon the following factors such as processing
power, storage, bandwidth, etc.

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Example

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 Diverse types of elasticity requirements

• Application user
• Software provider
• Developer
• Cloud provider

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Multi-dimensional elasticity

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 Delivery models

Three delivery models are

1.Dynamic/On-Demand Provisioning🡪 The customer or requesting
application is provided with resources on run time
2.User Provisioning🡪 The user/customer adds a cloud device or device
themselves
3.Post Sales/Advanced Provisioning🡪 The customer is provided with the
resource upon contract/service signup

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 Benefits
• Ability to scale up and handle high volumes of traffic
• Ability to scale down and use less resources when needed
• Keeps your users happy and your reputation good (scaling up)
• Saves your money (scaling down)

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 Advantages
• Cost efficiency
• Convenience and continuous availability
• Backup and Recovery
• Cloud is environmentally friendly
• Scalability and Performance
• Increased storage capacity

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 Disadvantages

• Security and privacy in the cloud

• Limited control
• Dependency and vendor lock-in
• Increased Vulnerability

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 Elasticity - Classification

• Elasticity solutions can be arranged in different classes with regard

to
• Scope
• Policy
• Purpose
• Method

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Classification of Elastic Solutions

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 Elasticity - By Scope

• Elasticity can be implemented on any of the cloud layers.

• In IaaS Level through virtual machine instances
• On the PaaS level, elasticity consists in scaling containers or databases
for instance.
• Both PaaS and IaaS elasticity can be used to implement elastic
applications
• Eg: Google App Engine and Azure elastic pool

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 Elasticity – By Policy

• With regard to policy it may be manual or automatic.

• A manual elastic solution would provide their users with tools to
monitor their systems and add or remove resources but leaves the
scaling decision to them.

• Elastic solutions can be either reactive or predictive.

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 Elasticity – By Policy
• Automatic mode : All the actions are done automatically, and this could be classified into
reactive and proactive modes
• Reactive (the system reacts to the load and triggers actions to adapt changes )
• When it scales a posteriori, based on a monitored change in the system.
• These are generally implemented by a set of Event-Condition-Action rules.

• Predictive (proactive) : implements forecasting techniques

• uses its knowledge of either recent history or load patterns inferred from longer
periods of time in order to predict the upcoming load of the system and scale according
to it.
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 Elasticity – By Purpose

• Elastic Solution can have many Purpose:

– Speed
– Energy efficiency (using the minimum amount of resources)
– Cost Reduction

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 Elasticity – By Method
• It can be carried out in two ways, either horizontally or vertically.
Horizontal elasticity
• Replication, (the addition or removal) of virtual machine instances
• Load balancer with an appropriate load balancing strategy needs to be
involved.
Vertical elasticity
• changes the amount of resources linked to existing instances on-the-fly.

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 Two ways in vertical scaling

• Redimensioning a virtual machine instance, i.e., changing the quota

of physical resources allocated to it. (Poor Model)

• VM migration: moving a virtual machine instance to another

physical machine with a different overall load changes its available
resources

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 Existing Solutions
• Amazon Elastic Cloud Compute (EC2)
• EC2 user can set an Auto Scaling Group(ASG) with initial number of instances.
• Then we can define ECA rule for scaling depending on the metrics provided by
Amazon Cloud watch monitoring tool.
• Reservoir 2, an open-source IaaS manager
• cloud management services such as RightScale3 and Scalr4 offer the same
reactive replication-based mechanisms.
• PRESS, an elasticity controller – Fourier Fast transform, uses discrete-time
Markov chain
• DejaVu, an elasticity framework based on a predictive policy.
• Tide, a tool that offers elasticity for IaaS
• Kingfisher takes into account the costs of different virtual machines instances
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 Elastic Platforms and Applications
• Google AppEngine and Microsoft Azure- Generic services for web
servers and multi tier applications.

• Messaging- Elastic Queue Service (EQS)- scaling actions can be

triggered by a set of predefined Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

• Scaling involves adding extra queues on extra instances and

relocating clients’ connections to balance their load on the existing
queues

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