Epidemiology of malocclusion

interdigitation of teeth is called occlusion

Anatomically perfect arrangement of teeth is called ideal
occlusion
Any deviation in skeletal pattern or arrangement of
teeth ,from normal , is called malocclusion
• Classification :
• Class I
• Class ii
• Class iii
• Epidemiology
• Prevalence is higher in developed countries as compared to
developing or under developed countries.
• Prevalence of class ii malocclusion was higher in previous
century in sub continent but now there is an equal prevalence
of class iii malocclusion
• Incidence of normal occlusion in deciduous is 51 % , mixed 40
% , and permanent dentition is about 30 %.
• Etiology of malocclusion
• General factors:
• 1. heredity
• 2.congenital
• 3.environmental
• a. pre – natal (trauma , maternal diet , teratogens )
• Endocrine imbalance
• Nutritional deficiency
• Parafunctional habits
• Abnormal sucking
• Thumb and finger sucking
• Tongue thrust
• Lip and nail biting
• Mouth breathing
• Tonsils and adenoids
• posture
 Local factors

1.Anomalies of number
• supernumerary teeth
• Missing teeth
• 2.Anomalies of tooth size
• 3. Anomalies of tooth shape
• 4. Abnormal labial frenum
• 5. Premature loss
• 6. Prolonged retention
• 7. Delayed eruption of permanent teeth
• 8. Abnormal eruptive path
• 9. Ankylosis
• 10. Dental caries
• 11. Improper dental restorations