RA4120-60A

LTE RPESS
LTE TDD Air Interface

© Nokia 2014 - RA41203EN60GLA0

Index
 LTE/EPC Overview
 LTE Air Interface
 Air Interface Overheads
 RRM overview
 LTE Link Budget
 Radio Planning – Coverage Planning Cell Range
 Radio Planning – Capacity
 LTE Performance Simulations
 Nokia LTE Solution
 Initial Parameters Planning

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 Module Objectives
After completing this module, the participant will be able to:
• Describe the TDD LTE Air Interface Physical Layer
• Review the LTE Physical Channels
• List the frequency allocation alternatives for TDD LTE

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 Module Contents
• LTE TDD Air Interface Physical Layer
• LTE Physical Channels
• Frequency Variants

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 LTE Physical Layer Structure – Frame Structure (TDD)
Frame Type 2 (TS 36.211-900; 4.2)
• each radio frame consists of 2 half frames = 10 subframes = 10 ms (1 subframe = 1 ms)
• Half-frame = 5 ms = 5 Sub-frames of 1 ms
• UL-DL configurations with both 5 ms & 10 ms DL-to-UL switch-point periodicity are supported
• Special subframe with the 3 fields DwPTS, GP & UpPTS; length of DwPTS + UpPTS +GP = 1 subframe; (i.e.
depending on frame configuration one or two Special Subframes)
• DL / UL ratio can vary from 1/3 to 8/1 according to service requirements of the carrier
Radio Frame: 10ms
Half Frame: 5 ms
f SF
SF SF
SF SF
SF SF
SF SF
SF SF SF
SF SF
SF
SF
DwPTS

DwPTS

UpPTS
pPTS
DwPTS

DwPTS

UpPTS
UpPTS
GP

GP
UL/DL
GP

GP
#0
#0 #2
#2 #3
#3 #4
#4 #5
#5 #7
#7 #8
#8 #9
#9
U

carrier
Subframe 1ms time
DwPTS: Downlink Pilot time Slot Downlink Subframe
UpPTS: Uplink Pilot Time Slot Uplink Subframe
GP: Guard Period to separate between DL/UL Special Subframe
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DL or UL Subframe
UL/DL Configurations
- TDD allows flexible bandwidth allocation between UL & DL to support asymmetric traffic
• The number of subframes dedicated to UL & DL within the 10ms frame can be adjusted
- 7 different frame configurations
• Chosen UL/DL Configuration should be the same across all cells of a network to avoid interference between transmission
directions (Rel.8 static or semi-static TDD system)
- Nokia RL45 supports Configuration 1 & 2:
• Configuration 1 DL:UL=2:2
• Configuration 2 DL:UL=3:1
Uplink-downlink Downlink-to-Uplink Subframe number
configuration Switch-point periodicity
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 5 ms D S U U U D S U U D
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D Downlink S Special U Uplink
Special Subframe Configuration More info: TS36.21
- Total length of special subframe is 1ms but the length of the each field may vary
• 9 different formats supported
• Nokia RL45TD supports formats 5 & 7
Fields:
- Downlink Pilot time Slot (DwPTS)
• shortened DL subframe
• for Reference Signals & control information
• may carry user data
• contains PSS (note: SSS transmitted on
the last symbol of subframe 0)
- Uplink Pilot Time Slot (UpPTS)
• mainly used for RACH and SRS transmission
- Guard Period (GP)
• Switching point between DL & UL transmission
• Compensates for the delay when switching between transmission directions
• Its length determines the maximum supportable cell size

For 5ms periodicity subframe#6 is also

a special subframe (otherwise is
normal)
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SUBFRAME 1
 TD-LTE Downlink Peak Bit Rate- MAC Layer
•Condition:
- 20MHz bandwidth, total 100 PRBs allocated
- 2x2 MIMO (2 antennas for TX, 2 Antennas for RX)
- Maximum TB Size in normal DL subframe = 75376 bits
- Maximum TB Size in DwPTS = 55056 bits
MAC layer peak bit rate in different configurations:
- 2DL:2UL configuration, SF configuration 5
(75376x2x2)/5ms = 60.30 Mbps
- 2DL:2UL configuration, SF configuration 7
(75376x2x2+55056x2x1)/5ms = 82.32 Mbps
- 3DL:1UL configuration, SF configuration 5
(75376x2x3)/5ms = 90.45Mbps
- 3DL:1UL configuration, SF configuration 7

(75376x2x3+55056x2x1)/5ms = 112.47 Mbps

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 Module Contents
• LTE Air Interface Physical Layer
• LTE Physical Channels
• Frequency Variants

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 Synchronization Signals allocation (DL)
• Synchronization signals:
– Occupy the central 62 Subcarriers (around the DC subcarrier) to facilitate the cell search
– 5 Subcarriers above and 5 Subcarriers below the synch. Signals are reserved and transmitted
as DTx
– Synchronisation Signals can indicate 504 (168 x 3) CellID (Physical Layer Cell Identity)
different values and from those the UE can determine the location of cell specific Reference
Signals
– PSS transmitted during the 3rd OFDM symbol in subframes 1 & 6 (“S” subframe)
– SSS transmitted during the last OFDM symbol in slots 1 & 11
SSS

PSS

Presentation / Author / Date

PSS: Primary Synchronization Signal
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SSS: Secondary Synchronization Signal
 UE-Specific Reference Signals
UE-specific Reference Signals (RS):
- may be transmitted in addition to the cell-specific RSs.
- embedded only in the PDSCH RBs of specifically configured UEs (e.g. for Beam forming)
- The UE is informed by higher layers whether the UE-specific reference signal is present and is a valid reference for PDSCH
demodulation or not
- are required in case of Beam forming to demodulate the beam formed data coherently
- on Antenna Port 5 for single-antenna-port transmission of PDSCH (Tx Mode 7: Single-stream Beam forming)
- on Antenna Port 7 & 8 for Dual-Layer Beam forming (3GPP Rel. 9; Tx Mode 8)

R5 R5
Example: For more detailed information
R5 R5
Mapping of UE-specific according to UE specific
RSs, Antenna Port 5 R5 R5 Reference Signals and their
(normal CP) position see: TS 36.211; 6.10.
R5 R5

R5 R5

R5 R5
l  0 l 6 l  0 l 6
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
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Antenna port 5
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
- PRACH operation on 1.08 MHz bandwidth (6 RBs).
- Location of those resource blocks is dynamically defined by 2 RRC Layer Parameters (PRACH
Configuration Index & PRACH Frequency offset)
- 5 PRACH types:
• Type 0 – 3 common for FDD & TDD (1 – 3 ms duration)
• Type 4 is TDD only; placed in UpPTS; 2 OFDM symbol duration only (small cell radius
up to 1.5 km)

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 Module Contents
• LTE Air Interface Physical Layer
• LTE Physical Channels
• Frequency Variants

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LTE Frequency Variants - TDD
Band BW[MHz] Frequency
[MHz]

33 1x20 1900 - 1920 UMTS TDD

34 1x15 2010 - 2015 UMTS TDD
35 1x60 1850 - 1910 US PCS
36 1x60 1930 - 1990 US PCS
37 1x20 1910 - 1930 US PCS
38 1x50 2570 - 2620 Euro midle gap 2600
39 1x40 1880 - 1920 China TDD
40 1x100 2300 - 2400 China TDD
41 1x194 2496 - 2690 UMTS TDD
42 1x200 3400 - 3600
new with Rel. 10
43 1x200 3600 - 3800
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© Nokia 2014 - RA41203EN60GLA0