M ITOC HO ND RIA

▶ N A M E –SUMAN KUMARI
▶ SEMESTER-3
▶ ROLL N O –28
 ▶ 1.INTRODUCTION 2.ORIGIN 3.STRUCTURE 4.FUNCTIONS

O NTEN
T
 1. INTROD UC TIO N
OF
Mitochondria is a double membrane b o u n d cell
MITOCHONDRIA
organelle that generate most of the chemical energy
n e e d e d to power the cell biochemical reaction.
o It is known as the power house of the cell
o It first obseved by Richard Altman in 1894
o Term mito c h o nd ria first c o ine d b y c a rl b end e in
1898
o They produced enzyme for the metaboilic
conversion of food or energy .
o They play a major role in breaking d o w n nutrient
a n d generating energy rich molecules for the
cell
o They found in most eukaryotic organism .
o They found in the cytoplasm a n d essentially
function as the cells digestive system
o M a n y of chemical
reaction involved in cellular respiration
take place within the mitochondria
O RIG IN O F
M oITOC
The
HO ND RIA
endosymbiotic theory propose that mitochondria
are d e sc e nd e d fro m sp e c ialized b a c te ria .
o The se b a c te ria som e ho w surv ived e nd o c ytosis
b y a nothe r p roka ryote or c e ll typ e a nd g ot
a b sorb e d into the cytoplasm .
o Tha t’s the re ason for ha v ing own
g e ne tic material .
o Both mito c hondria a nd c hloro p la st ha v e
the ir own genetic material.
 o STRUC TURE O F
M ITOC HO ND RIA
o The mitochondrion is a double
membrane rod shaped
struc ture found in b oth p la nt a nd
a nimal.
o Its size ranges from 0.5 to1.0
micrometer in diameter
o The struc ture c o m p rise s a n oute r
m em bra ne ,an inne r
membrane a n d a gel like material
called called matrix.
o The oute r m em bra ne c ov e r the surface of the
mitochondrion a n d has a large number of
special protein know as porions
o Cristae - It is a fold in the inner membrane
of a mitochondrion .It increase the surface
area in which chemical reaction take place .
o It is a lso kno w n a s mito c h o nd ria l crests
o A small ball like structure present on the
cristae known as oxysome which are rich
in enzyme a n d help in ATP synthesis
MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX

o M ito c h o nd ria l ma trix – It ha s severa l func tio n

o It is a viscous fluid that contain a mixture
of enzyme a n d protein .
o It a lso c o mp rises rib o so me ,ino rg a nic
ions ,mitochondrial DNA, nucleotide
cofactor .
o It p la y a ma jo r ro le in synthesis o f
fo rma tio n of ATP
FUNCTION OF MITOCHONDRIA

o Pro d uc tio n o f A TP
o Re g ula tio n o f im m unity
o C a lc ium b a la nc e
o C e ll d e a th a nd re ne w al
o Ste m c e ll re g ula tio n
o C e llula r re sp ira tio n
o O xid a tive
p ho sp ho ryla tio n
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