Organic

AS Chemistry
• Meth 1C
• Eth 2C
• Prop 3C
• But 4C
• Pent 5C
• Hex 6C
• Hept 7C
• Oct 8C
• Alkane saturated no C=C ( no carbon carbon double bond is present)
C
 structural f ormula

H H H

C H H C C H
H
H H H

methane ethane

condensed structural f ormula

CH3CH3 C2H6
 bond -line f ormula

pentane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

thinking method carbon skeleton system

Naming of alkane
The longest hydrocarbon chain
Start numbering from the side which gives the least number
for branch
 akane alkyl
methane methyl
CH4 CH3

ethane ethyl
C2H6 C2H5
CH3CH2

2 6

3 5 7
1

4-ethylheptane
 right
left

2
6
4 8

3 5 7
1

3,4-dimethyloctane
 right
left

2
4 6 8

3 5 7
1

2,3,6-trimethyloctane
 2
F fluro
Cl Chloro
1 Br bromo
3 I Iodo

Br
3-bromoprop-1-ene
I will give you the name
4,4-dimethylhex-2-ene-1-oic acid
COOH

OH
 O
Aldehyde
al
5 3

1
Must
H
4
2

Alkyne
yne
Pent-4-yne-1-al
Isomers
compounds wuth same molecular formula but
different structural formula
CnH2n+2

C3H8

C4H10
C5H12 normal

iso

terchary
C5H12 normal

iso

terchary
 CnH2n Alkene
or
C3H6 cyclic alkane
 terminal
C4H10
But-1-ene

central
But-2-ene
CnH2n-2 Alkyne
diene two C=C
cyclic Alkene
C4H6

terminal
central
• Introduction
• Naming of organic compounds
• How to represent organic compound
• Isomersim
 isomerism

Structural isomerism Sterio-isomerism

Chain Configuration

Positional
Change the Position of function
group or alkyl group

Functional isomerism
Change the function group itself
 H Cl Cl
H Cl
H
H H
H H
H
H
monosubstituited Disubstituited
dichloromethane
chloromethane methylene chloride
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
H
Cl
f ull substituited
tetra substituited
Trisubstituited
Carbontetrachloride
chlorof orm solvent
1 liter 750 pounds
NO + CO -- nitrogen + carbon dioxide
Not changed
Carbon dioxide and increases Carbon dioxide
fuel

Carbon monoxide CO
Motor Motor

Air Nitrogen oxide NO

Oxyge
n and
nitroge
n Carbon dioxide
Unburnt hydrocarbon

At high temperature
Inside car engine
Some nitrogen react with
oxygen to form nitrogen
Water vapour
oxide NO
Carbon cycle
The final part in AS
 Without sunlight, no reaction

The colur still appeared

Bromine is still present
No reaction