factors that influence the teaching

of English in the basic public sector

in Mexico
DEVANY DAMARIS JAQUEZ TORRES 1965595
GENARO FERNÁNDEZ LEJIA 1957964
LITZY MARELY MEJIA RINCON 1862760
DEVANY MARISOL MARTÍNEZ JIMENEZ 1952877
STAGE 1
Abstract
In this work we investigate the factors that influence the teaching of English as a second
language in Mexico, the reason for this research is because lately the public sector has been
showing some problems in the quality of their classes, students do not learn English and not
Have the minimum level. That is why it is so important to investigate what are the causes that
are affecting this way and how we can make a better class where students really learn and can
develop. So, for this, we will do an exhaustive analysis to collect the necessary information to
know what improvements we can make.

 Keywords: english classes, linguistic competence, educational resources, method, learning

Research Problem
The problem to be addressed by this study are the deficiencies on English language teaching in
education system in Mexico.

For example, study made by three researchers belonging to Sonora’s University in a joint work
with the Department of Foreign Languages tells us a lot about some of the main factors and
problems related to the teaching of the English language on public elementary schools all
around Mexico. Based on information obtained through that study, Narváez Sierra concluded
that English teaching in our country can be considered only as «support» to the formation, but
without a character that implies a certain «commitment» or «obligatoriness» for its study or
learning.
Studies that had addressed the problem

There are some studies that have addressed this problem which talk about variables that
influence student learning (Dzul Escamilla 2010), whose purpose is to know about the teaching
of the English language in full-time public primary schools and the lack of support of teachers,
concluding at the same time as the teaching of English in full-time public primary schools.

Another group of researchers from the UABC affirms that the CEFR has become one of the
standards that most clearly indicates the clearest way to certify a foreign language, in relation
to what is established in the linguistic competence model, which allows the individual exercise
linguistic exercise.
Deficiencies in the studies

On this research we noticed the most common flaws of the Mexican education system, this
flaw being: Not enough available teachers, not enough certified teachers, deplorable facilities,
etc. Also, some of the cases lacked an in-depth analysis, for example some of them did not
count in students having previous experience in the English language. A way this can be
improved is by considering the facts previously stated for the final development of the
research.
The significance of the study for
audiences
A second language can be a promising idea and even more so if it is at an early age, mastering another
language is feasible when it comes to communicating or disseminating information through other visual
and printed media, English is the most direct, accessible and intermediate that exists. . This is why learning
this language should begin in primary school to provide students with the necessary skills and guide them
towards obtaining a language certificate.

80% of the world's electronically stored information is in English.” Therefore, learning this language is,
without a doubt, not only a means of access to information and communication, but also of cooperation and
exchange and rapprochement with other forms of life.

"The sooner the better". This theory is based on taking advantage of the learning and assimilation potential
of each child, as well as the “learning moment” since at this age children are a “sponge” that will acquire
all the concepts in a much faster way.
Dependent Variable
Learning is the different phases through which the student stops when learning new knowledge, since by
obtaining their results and discovering what level they are at, Ramos & Maya (2022) say that it will be
easier to delve deeper into the topics according to his skills. Saltos & Coyeña, (2017) tell us that when
faced with new concepts, the most normal thing is for the teacher to pay attention to each of the students
separately, to know their needs and thus be able to obtain better management of the group.

Ramírez & Saver, (2016), Millán & Basurto., (2020) without excluding anyone and being able to cover all
possible needs, for each one of them, according to what they need.

Other researchers say that tests should be carried out to know what the different levels of learning consist
of and know how to treat each one of them or rather, the one that will be handled in the classroom,
remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, etc.
Independent variable
 Metodology
In Mexico, the English teaching methodology has undergone a significant evolution in recent decades.
The pragmatic application of language has played a substantial role in redefining the educational landscape.
Today, we can see that the objective is not only the comprehensive acquisition of linguistic competence but
also the inclusion of thematic content in the English language as an essential component of the student's
academic and professional training, as stated by Halbach.
 Motivation

By infusing elements of play into the learning environment, students are more likely to stay motivated, as they associate the
acquisition of English with enjoyment rather than mere academic obligation, leading to more effective and sustained language
proficiency, which is affirmed by Mearns et al ,Chochequanca et al , Lemus and Carrión . While the text highlights the
advantages of incorporating games into education, it does not explicitly define a specific measurable outcome linked to
language proficiency.

Nevertheless, it implies that language learning's effectiveness is contingent on the incorporation of playful elements, mention
Ramos & Maya .

For example,a study that took part in multiple schools around Baja California carried out by these same group of researchers
the author belonged to in 2022, was carried to understand and to investigate about how motivation influence in the learning,
showed results that using interactive games improves in a great manner the interest on students that are learning a second
language, the researchers stated that the students developed a great interest in all the activities presented during the researched
and had better academical results than those who didn’t took part in the test.
Teacher´s Experience
The positive encounters of educators within the instructional milieu, wherein they orchestrated and executed bilingual
pedagogy, demonstrated a correlation with the interactive sphere fostered for the students. The alignment and coherence
exhibited among the educators appeared to engender a propitious milieu conducive to the phenomenon of translanguaging
among the children. This seasoned expertise enables educators to adeptly address diverse learning styles and individual needs,
fostering a dynamic and inclusive classroom environment.
Classroom Resources and TICs
When examining the impact of classroom resources and educational technology (ICT) on student learning outcomes, the
independent variable is the integration of these resources within the educational environment. The dynamic interaction
between traditional teaching materials and digital tools has redefined modern pedagogy, offering diverse avenues for
engagement, interaction and knowledge dissemination. This study seeks to investigate how the deliberate incorporation of both
traditional and ICT resources influences learning experiences.
ICT provides avenues for greater participation, facilitating interactive learning experiences and allowing students to explore
concepts in innovative ways. Additionally, Classroom Resources offers practical, tangible learning opportunities that
complement digital tools.
Durán & Barrio (2007) tell us that the results found so far highlight the importance of a moderate and integrated use of
computer resources, mainly because if a teacher integrates this type of resources in a way that they are useful for the level of
the students . It will greatly increase the potential that students can achieve when learning a second language.
STAGE 2
Graphic Model
 Fig 3.- Graphic Model

Method

Teacher´s Experience
Learning
Motivation

Resources TIC’S
Hypothesis

H1: A good methodology has a high impact on the learning level of students.

H2: ICTs in the classroom promote interactivity between students, which helps them have a
better level of learning.

H3: The greater the motivation, the greater the academic performance, which causes better
learning.
Congruence table
Note: This table shows the relationships of the variables with each of the cited articles.
STAGE 3
Methodology
Instrument design

This case study is based on a quantitative method, which is the set of techniques and tools used for research. It can take place
in surveys, information collection, among others, since the objective of this method is analysis. statistical.

For its design, we chose “Surver Design” since the preferred data collection procedure, by far, is surveys, they are easy to do,
each person has a different idea or response and this helps a lot when buying and creating the statistics and with our topic it is
the most feasible method, since we need the opinion of the students at a basic level, when doing online surveys (which is the
most effective method) they are speed, being able to handle audiovisual effects, less time invested in each person, the
administration, a higher rate of responses, personal space to be able to break down their responses, or make them more honest,
among others.
Instrument for measurement
We gave each variable two questions to make sure nobody felt overwhelmed by a barrage of questions on
different topics. When we came up with these questions, we made sure they were clear and easy for the
interviewees to understand, based on a solid understanding of each variable. This methodological choice
was crucial in garnering a comprehensive understanding of the subjects under investigation and enhancing
the quality of the gathered data. All survey questions are based on operationalization table to ensure their
relevance and reliability, which has been designed and administered through the QuestionPro platform to
facilitate data collection and analysis.

This measurement instrument is fundamental for data collection in quantitative methodology research and
has been carefully designed to ensure the reliability and validity of the results obtained.
Population and Sample
To avoid relying solely on eighty students from one grade, we chose 2 groups from the 5th grade and other 2 groups from the
6th grade. The epicenter of this research is the student population of Lauro Aguirre Elementary School, located in San Pedro
Garza García.
The selected groups are composed of 5th grade group «A» with 33 students, 5th grade group «B» with 34 students, 6th grade
«A» with 28 students and 6th grade «B» with 30 students. Together, these four groups total 125 students, which constitute the
population under study.

These 95 students were carefully selected from the population and participated in the research by completing an online
survey . The choice of this sample is intended to ensure that representativeness of the student population of Lauro Aguirre
Elementary School and, at the same time, to minimize variability. The survey applied to the 95 selected students was subjected
to a rigorous process of revision and evaluation of its reliability. By including students from both 5th and 6th grades, our
approach made sure we got a well-rounded view.
Instrument Design
STAGE 4
Analysis

Note: Conbrach's alpha was carried out in the SPSS application, in which we obtained the results
of the 4 independent variables and the dependent one. All the results were greater than .7, which
indicates that the surveys are reliable and acceptable. This reliability test was carried out with 15
surveys.

Thus, the dependent variable was the one that had the most acceptance with 0.83 and the one that
had the least acceptance was motivation.
 As part of the analysis of this study, a statistical analysis was carried out with a measure of central tendency and dispersion, the results are
shown in table 3.

Note: The data of the arithmetic values and percentage were obtained by a rule of three, using the media plus a deviation, adding a subtraction of
the media minus a standard deviation.

As we saw, all variables show a high dispersion in the responses, all have one low value and another higher, suggesting that they have widely
varying opinions and that it is not possible to reach a clear consensus of any of them. The variable with the highest dispersion is SNA, with a 50%
difference between the responses “high” and “low”, while the variable STE with a 40% shows the lowest dispersion, suggesting that the most
respondents agreed most strongly on that variable. These results highlight the importance of understanding and addressing the diversity of opinion
within the respondent population in future research or decisions related to these variables.
Note: Dependent Variable: SNA

In the table 5 it can be seen that 4 variables; SNA (dependent), SM, SMO and ST have a Sig value less than 0.5,
which indicates that the survey did meet 95% reliability and that the hypotheses have been accepted. On the other
hand, the STE variable has a 0.055, which means that exceeded a little but is still a reliable sig , because indicates
94.5% reliability. That is to say: the methodology has a great impact on students, ICTs together with motivation
help promote interactivity among students and therefore, achieve better learning.
In order to know specific results, table 6 provides a detailed segmentation of the results of our
research, focusing on the differentiation of data according to gender.
In the context of gender research, differences in the results between men and women stand out. ANOVA reveals a
significance value (Sig.) of 0.094c for men and 0.001 for women, suggesting that there are significant differences in the
responses between both genders.

Although the overall value is lower for women, it is crucial to consider the magnitude of the differences in each
coefficient.The comparison reveals that, although the overall ANOVA result is more significant for women, some specific
coefficients are lower in men, possibly indicating greater acceptance in certain aspects. In this context, although men may
have a higher value, the focus is on the interpretation of the individual coefficients. Males might exhibit a more prominent
acceptance in certain specific aspects, even if the overall difference is less pronounced than in females.
Discussion of the results

Discussion of the results is crucial to understanding the impact of these factors on students and the overall
learning process and emphasizes the need for personalized strategies that consider the diverse opinions
within the survey population, encouraging a more comprehensive and effective approach to address
deficiencies in English.
As can be identified in the results obtained, the research question was successfully answered through the
results of the hypothesis testing.
The recognition of diverse opinions among respondents emphasizes the need for nuanced approaches and
tailored strategies to address deficiencies in English language teaching. This research provides valuable
information for future studies and informs decisions aimed at improving the quality of English language
education in the Mexican educational system.
Theoretical Implications

Theoretical models should not treat these factors in isolation but should strive to capture the complex web
of interactions among various components of the education system.

A theoretical framework should provide insights into how policy decisions influence the availability of
qualified teachers, facility conditions, and the overall quality of language education.

The theoretical implications of this quantitative research call for frameworks that go beyond pedagogical
considerations to incorporate systemic, environmental, and socio-economic factors. Addressing these
deficiencies requires a holistic approach that informs both theoretical perspectives and practical
interventions to enhance English language education in the Mexican education system.
Practical Implications
The practical implications of the study on English language teaching deficiencies in the Mexican education
system carry significant benefits for both society and individuals, the results obtained from the research
have tangible applications that can positively impact various stakeholders.
Also, the study aligns with the «sooner, better» theory, advocating for early language learning due to the
natural learning potential of children. The practical implications of this study extend to the societal and
individual levels, emphasizing the early acquisition of English for future opportunities, integral individual
formation, access to information, global communication, and cognitive benefits for children.
Limitations of the research

Limitations of the research include potential temporal limitations due to dynamic educational landscapes,
spatial variations across regions that are not fully captured in the research, and methodological limitations
such as sampling restrictions and self-report biases.
The study may not fully take into account the long-term effects of certain interventions.
While these aspects do not hinder the research, they decisively shape its scope, emphasizing the need for
cautious interpretation and consideration of future research that addresses these limitations.
Economic and sociopolitical conditions are external factors that affect education and were outside the
control of the researchers. These limitations underscore the need for a nuanced interpretation of the
findings and highlight areas for future research to provide a comprehensive understanding of English
language teaching in the Mexican public sector.
Annexes