GYPSUM AND GYPSUM

SYSTEM UNDER HIGH

TEMPERATURE
EFFECT
Gypsum and its properties
Gypsum characteristics:
*chemical composition
*crystal structure
*solubility
*opening and closing of pores
*low density
*fire resistance
*construction Uses
*use in medicine
Types of gypsum and how they are
produced

A) Natural gypsum B) Synthetic gypsum

 The crystal structure and the presence of
water molecules in gypsum (dehydrate form)
Crystal Structure : Gypsum's crystal structure is
characterized by its arrangement of calcium, sulfur,
oxygen, and water molecules. It belongs to the mono
clinic crystal system, which means it has three unequal
crystal axes with one of them inclined to the other two.
The primary components of gypsum's crystal structure
are:
*Calcium (Ca) Ions
*Water (H₂O) Molecules
*Presence of Water Molecules

Structures CaSO4×2H2O (Ca - blue, S - yellow, O - red, H - pink)

Dehydration of gypsum
Enlarged section of Fig. 1 showing the
triple point gypsumbassanite-anhydrite at
235 MPa/80 °C. For symbols see Fig. 1.
The inset gives the dP/dT slope, volume,
and entropy changes per mol of the
intersecting boundaries.
The temperature range (typically 100-
200°C) at which dehydration occurs
• The dehydration of gypsum typically occurs within a temperature
range of approximately 100 to 200°C (212 to 392°F). This temperature
range is known as the dehydration temperature range and is a critical
factor in understanding how gypsum transforms when exposed to
elevated temperatures.
*Completion of Dehydration
*Variable Temperatures
*Impact on Fire Resistance
*Loss of Structural Integrity
 Fire Resistance of Gypsum
The fire-resisant properties og gypsum and its role in fire protection
Gypsum is well-regarded for its fire-resistant properties, and it plays a crucial role in
fire protection and safety within the construction industry.
Here's an exploration of its fire-resistant properties and its role in fire protection:
*Heat Resistance
*Delayed Ignition
* Fire Barriers
*Smoke Reduction
*Structural Integrity
*Insulation Properties
* Building Codes and Standards
 The release of water vapor can slow down
temperature rise during a fire
Figure 4. Dehydration boundaries of the gypsum–
H2O system in the range of 300–460 K. The
symbols represent the experimental data of
Kelley: (27) open circles and diamond denote the
water vapor partial pressure of gypsum–
hemihydrate and hemihydrate–soluble anhydrite
equilibrium, respectively. Symbol A is the
intersection of red, green, and blue curves and
the axis of ordinates, B, C, and D, are the
intersections of red, green, and blue curves and
the horizontal line in Figure 4, respectively.
Heat release

Heat flow curves of C3S, C3S + 1% gypsum and C3S + LC2 systems with MK95, MK63 and MK40 clay grades (a)
and C3S with different additions of MK (b).
 Release of sulfur dioxide
• The release of sulfur dioxide gas (SO2) from gypsum at extremely high
temperatures. The release of sulfur dioxide gas (SO2) from gypsum at
extremely high temperatures is a significant chemical reaction that has
important implications for both fire safety and air quality. This release occurs
as gypsum undergoes calcification, a process that occurs at temperatures
well above the range where gypsum typically dehydrates (around 200°C and
higher).
• Here's how the release of sulfur dioxide gas from gypsum at extremely high
temperatures takes place:
*Chemical Composition of Gypsum
*Dehydration and Calcification
*Sulfur Oxidation
*Impact on Air Quality
Flame spread
Here are some key factors related to the flame spread of gypsum and gypsum
systems:
*Non-Combustibility
*Gypsum Wallboard
*Passive Fire Protection
*Thermal Insulation
*ASTM E84 Testing
*Fire-Resistant Combinations
Flame spread
Conclusion
• Gypsum and gypsum-based systems have important and intriguing characteristics at high
temperatures, which have significant ramifications for a number of industries, most notably
fire safety and building. The versatile and extensively used material gypsum is subjected to
various temperature ranges throughout its dehydration and calcination processes, which
release water vapor and heat energy. When exposed to excessive heat, gypsum may also
release sulfur dioxide gas. These changes have an impact on safety precautions, structural
integrity, and fire resistance in the building industry.

• For the purpose of maintaining the integrity and safety of buildings, architects, builders,
and safety specialists must comprehend how gypsum responds to elevated temperatures.
The non-combustibility of gypsum, its capacity to contain flames, and its function in passive
fire prevention systems are important factors in guaranteeing occupant safety and property
preservation.