The Impact Of Acid Mine

Drainage On The Environment.

Group members

Massam Rasheed
Noman Ali
Acid Mine Drainage(AMD)
 Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a significant
environmental problem associated with
mining activities, particularly those involving
sulfide-containing minerals. The process
leading to acid mine drainage involves the
exposure of sulfide minerals to air and water,
typically occurring during mining operations.
The primary minerals involved are often
pyrite (iron sulfide) and other sulfides present
in rocks and ores.
 Acid mine drainage occur when pyrite(iron
disulfide) is exposed during mining activity
and react with air and water to form sulfuric
acid and dissolved iron.
 The iron precipitates to form red orange or

yellow sediments
 When sulfide minerals are exposed to oxygen

(from air) and water, a chemical reaction

known as oxidation occurs. The most
common reaction involves the oxidation of
iron sulfide (pyrite)

4FeS2​+14O2​+4H2​O→4Fe(OH)3​+8H2​SO4​
IMPACTS
Water Quality Degradation
 AMD results in the release of acidic water
containing high concentrations of dissolved
metals, such as iron, aluminum, and
manganese. These metals can contaminate
water bodies, leading to a decline in water
quality
Aquatic Ecosystem Damage:
 Acidic water from AMD can be toxic to
aquatic life. Fish, insects, and other
organisms are often highly sensitive to
changes in pH and metal concentrations. The
decline in water quality can lead to the death
of aquatic species and disrupt entire
ecosystems.
Soil Contamination:
 The acidic runoff can also affect soil quality,
making it less suitable for plant growth. The
release of toxic metals can hinder the
development of vegetation in the affected
areas, further contributing to ecosystem
degradation.
Impact on Human Health:
 AMD can pose a risk to human health if
contaminated water sources are used for
drinking or irrigation. The presence of toxic
metals in water supplies can lead to various
health problems, including neurological
disorders and gastrointestinal issues.
Damage to Infrastructure:
 Acidic water can corrode infrastructure such
as pipes and bridges, leading to increased
maintenance costs and potential safety
hazards.
Long-Term Environmental
Persistence
 AMD can persist for extended periods, even
after mining operations have ceased. This
long-term impact poses ongoing challenges
for environmental remediation and
restoration efforts.
Biodiversity Loss:
The toxicity of AMD can lead to a decline in
biodiversity in affected areas. Species that are unable
to tolerate the acidic conditions or high metal
concentrations may be lost, reducing overall
biological diversity.