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D3 Presenting data
D3 Presenting data
Uganda
Tanzania
Zambia
United Kingdom
USA
Saudi Arabia
Sweden
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
100
Percentage
80
Yes
60 Refused
Never offered
40
20
0
1999 2003
100
80
60
40
20
0
East Asia & Europe & Latin America & Middle East & South Asia Sub-Saharan
Pacific Central Asia Caribbean North Africa Africa
D3 Presenting data
Year 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Boys 11 13 7 7 9 9 10 11 9 8 9
Girls 11 13 12 9 11 10 13 15 12 10 12
Total 11 13 10 8 10 10 12 13 11 9 10
16
14
Percentage of regular smokers
12
10
8 Boys
Girls
6
0
1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Year
14
12
Percentage of regular smokers
10
0
1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Year
Year 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Boys 24 28 18 17 25 21 26 28 19 21 21
Girls 25 28 27 22 25 25 30 33 29 25 26
Total 25 28 22 20 25 23 28 30 24 23 23
35
Percentage of regular smokers
30
25
20 Boys
Girls
15
10
0
1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Year
35
30
Percentage of regular smokers
25
20
15
10
0
1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Year
35
30
Percentage of regular smokers
25
20
15
10
5 Years 7 to 10
Year 11
0
1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Year
D3 Presenting data
39% 38%
18%
15%
1% 2% 2%
11%
Regular
Occasional
Used to
Tried
Never
84%
D3 Presenting data
For example, this table shows how much pocket money some
regular smokers in Year 11 spend on cigarettes in a fortnight.
Stem (pounds) Leaf (pence)
4 00 40 50 70 70 80
5 00 30 40 50 50
6 20 50 50 60 70
7 00 30 50 50 50 90
8 00 40 50 70
9 50 50 60
10 00 00 20 40 50 60
5 of 44 © Boardworks Ltd 2005
Constructing stem-and-leaf diagrams
7 38 41 22 20 7 5 24 17
15 13 23 45 7 11 17 30 19
5 10 30 20
Mode
Stem Leaf (units) The mode is __
7 .
(tens)
Mean
0 5 5 7 7 7 There are ___
22 people in the
survey and they smoke a total
1 0 1 3 5 7 7 9 427 cigarettes a week.
of ____
427 ÷ 22 =___
19
2 0 0 2 3 4
Median
3 0 0 8 The median is halfway between
17 and ___.
___ 19 This is ___.
18
4 1 5
Range
___
45 – ___
5 = ___
40
7 of 44 © Boardworks Ltd 2005
Solving problems with stem-and-leaf diagrams
D3 Presenting data
55
50
45
40
140 150 160 170 180 190
Height (cm)
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Number of cigarettes smoked in a week
10
B
15
10 6
0
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
25
20 C
20
D
15
zero correlation
15
10
10
5
5
E F
25
20
20
15
15
10 10
5 5
0
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
0 5 10 15 20 25
The line of best fit is drawn by eye so that there are roughly
an equal number of points below and above the line.
Look at these examples,
25
25
25
25
20 20
20
20
15 15
15
15
10 10
10
10
5 5
5 5
0 0
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
When drawing the line of best fit remember the following points,
The line does not have to pass through the origin.
For an accurate line of best fit, find the mean for each
variable. This forms a coordinate, which can be plotted. The
line of best fit should pass through this point.
The line of best fit can be used to predict one variable from
another.
It should not be used for predictions outside the range of
data used.
The equation of the line of best fit can be found using the
gradient and intercept.
80
Life expectancy
75
70
65
60
55
50
0 20 40 60 80 100
Number of cigarettes smoked in a week
8 of 44 © Boardworks Ltd 2005
Solving problems with lines of best fit
Explain.
What kind of data would you use for each kind of graph?
What other problems can you solve with a pie chart? Give
examples and outline the method for each.
What is a line of best fit and how would you draw one?