T-test for 2

Independent Samples
JOECY GRACE D. MIJARES
T-TEST FOR 2 INDEPENDENT
SAMPLES
 A statistical hypothesis test called a t-test for two
independent samples is used to assess whether
there is a significant difference between the means
of two separate groups or samples.
 Itis also referred to as an independent samples t-
test or a two-sample t-test.
Before conducting an independent samples t-test, it's
important to check or assume the following:

 Independence: The two samples should be independent, meaning that the

observations in one sample should not be related to or dependent on the
observations in the other sample.

 Normality: Each group's data should follow a roughly normal distribution. While
the t-test is robust to moderate departures from normality, a large departure can
affect the validity of the test.

 Homogeneity of Variance: The variances of the two groups should be roughly

equal (homoscedastic). Unequal variances can be accommodated using modified
t-tests (e.g., Welch's t-test)
Problem:
Open JASP
The following are the diagnostic test result in General Biology 1 of the male and female STEM
students. Test at 0.05 level of significance that male and female students’ performance are the
Click T-test -> INDEPENDENT
SAMPLE T-TEST
same.
DIAGNOSTIC TEST RESULT ->
DEPENDENT VARIABLES

SEX -> GROUPING VARIABLE

 Steps for Conducting an Independent Samples t-Test:
 Step 1:
 Ho: There is no significant difference in the performance of the male and female STEM students in biology.
 Ha: There is a significant difference in the performance of the male and female STEM students in biology.
 Step 2: α = 0.05
 Step 3: Test Statistic: Independent Samples t-test; two-tailed test;
Decision rule: If the obtained p-value < 0.05, reject Ho. Otherwise, do not reject Ho.
 Step 4:

 Step 5. Decision: The obtained p-value = 0.538 is not less than the α = 0.05, therefore, do not reject the null
hypothesis.
 Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the performance of the male and female STEM
STUDENTS in General Biology 1. The mean performance of male students (Mean= 47.200) in
Statistics is not significantly higher than the mean performance of female students (Mean= 49.90).