BIODIVERSITY

&
CONSERVATION
 AYUBIA NATIONAL PARK

SUBMITTED BY: FAKHRULISLAM

STUDENT R. No. BOT-20-22

STUDY LEVEL: BS

DEPARTMENT: BOTANY

SUBMITTED TO : SIR DR ZAFAR JAMAL

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
GOVT POST GRADUATE COLLEGE NO 1 ABBOTTABAD
 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. HISTORY.
Ayubia National Park was established in 1984 under the provisions of the
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Wildlife Act of 1975, for the fortification and flora
and fauna in the natural conditions of the area. Ayubia was named after
Muhammad Ayub Khan (1958–1969), second President of Pakistan.

1.2 AREA.
It was originally established on 1,683 hectares (ha) of land but the area
was increased to 3,312 ha in 1998. The Park is declared within the
Reserved Forests of Galliat.
Map of Ayubia national park
2 .GEOMORPHOLOGY

2.1. LOCATION
Geographically, the Park falls in Lesser Himalayas. And surrounded by seven
major villages and three small towns of Thandiani, Nathiagali and Khanspur. The
distance from Abbottabad is 43 km.

2.2 COORDINATION
34 °1' to 34°3.8’N, Latitude and 73° 22.8’to 73° 27.1'E longitude.

2.3 ELEVATION
The elevation of the Park ranges between about ±1,050 m at Lahur to ±3,027m
at Miranjani top (Afza, 2006).
2.4 CLIMATE.
The climate of the area is moist temperate with extremely cold and snowy winter and
highly pleasant summer spell.

2.4.1 Precipitation.
• The Park receives a mean annual precipitation between 1065 – 1500 millimetre
(mm) and snowfall of about 1-2.5 mm.
• Most of the rainfall is received during monsoon period in the months July to
September, while October is the driest month.
• Rainfall, temperature and humidity conditions of the area are highly conductive for
rich vegetation growth.

2.4.2. Temperature.
Mean Annual temperature is recorded as 21 °C , during winter season the
temperature fall below freezing point.( Saima et al., 2009).
Fig 1 : Monthly data precipitation received by Ayubia National Park (afza, et,al 2006)
 3. BIODIVERSITY OF AYUBIA NATIONAL PARK

3.1. FLORA.
A sum of 250 plants of 216 genera and 79 families observed .
Rabia et al 2016
 21 herbs belonging to 19 Families which are medicinally
important are found in the park (Aneel gailani 2006)

 Land of the Ayubia national Park is mostly covered with conifer

forests as shown below in fig 2.
60
49.42
50
40 32.48
30
20 11.18
10 4.03 0.14 0.12 0.12
0
conifer forest shadow conifer mixed forest conifer forest pasture land water wet soil
forest with shrub and grasses
grasses

Fig.2. Land cover classes (%) in Ayubia National Park (Source: Saeed, 2008).
 3.2 MAJOR PLANTS FOUND IN AYUBIA NATIONAL PARK.
3.2.1 TREES.
 Blue Pine (Pinus wallichiana).
 Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii ).
 Yew (Taxus baccata).
 Silver Fir (Abies pindrow ).
 Spruce (Picea smithiana ).
 Deodar (Cedrus deodara).
3.2.2 BROAD LEAVED .
 Horse Chestnut (Aesculus indica).
 Akhrot (Juglans regia L).
 Oak species (Quercus incana,Quercus baloot and Quercus dilatata ).
 Maple (Acer caesium).
 Poplar (Populus ciliata).
 Bird Cherry (Prunus padus L.) .
 95%

85%

75%

65%
percentage

55%

45%

35%

25%

15%

5%
Acer caesium pinus wallichi- Abies pindrow taxus baccata Quercus Baloota Quercus incana
ana
Series 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.33 0.1 0.4

Fig 3, percentage of different species found in Ayubia national park .

3.1.3 Ethnomedicinal herbs of Ayubia National park
 Achillea millefolium .
 Geranium wallichianum .
 Fragaria nubicola Lindl.
 Chrysanthemum leucanthemum .
 Cannabis sativa .
 Berberis lycium Royle.
 Bergenia ciliata .
 Arisaema flavum .
 Althea rosea .
 Atropa accuminata .
 Viola canescens .
 Valeriana jatamansii Jones .
 Urtica dioca .
 Paeonia emodi .
 phyllum emodi .
 Polygonum amplexicaule .
 gofera heterantha .
 patiens bicolor .
 Hedera nepalensis .
 Gallium aparine .
 Gentiana kurroo .
 3.2 FAUNA OF AYUBIA NATIONAL PARK

There are 23 mammals, 203 birds and 13 herpto-fauna in the park

3.2.1 Animals
 Leopard cat, F.himalayana
 Golden jackal , C.indicus
 Red fox , V. griffithi
 Yellow-throated marten, M. flaviugula
22 Species of mammals belonging to
 Masked palm civet ,P.l.himalayana
2 of insectivora
 Asian palm civet ,P.isabellinus
6 of chiroptera
 Central European boar, S.scrofa
1 of primates
 Java pipistrelle, P.himalayensis 6 of carnivora
 Big-eared horseshoe bat, R.macrotis 7 of rodentia
 Serotine bat, E.serotinus were found inhabiting the protected Ayubia national park kpk

 Rhesus macaque, M.m.villosa Chaudhry M Shafique et al 2010

 Indian porcupine, H.blandfordi

 Kashmir field mouse, Apodemus rusiges
SOME MAJOR ANIMALS SPECIES FOUND IN AYUBIA NATIONAL PARK
 3.2.2 BIRDS
 Great barbet, M.virens
 Himalayan cuckoo, C.saturatus
 Crested serpent- eagle, S. cheela
 Besra , A. virgatus
 Golden eagle, A.c.daphanea
 Himalayan black- lored tit, M. xanthogenys
 White-cheeked tit, A. leucogenys
 Kashmir nuthatch , Sitta cashmirensis
 Koklass pheasant, P.m.biddulphi
 Wedge-tailed green pigeon, T. sphenurus
 Speckled wood pigeon, Columba
 hodgsonii
 Spotted dove, S.chinensis
MAJOR BIRDS SPECIES FOUND IN AYUBIA NATIONAL PARK
 4 BIODIVERDITY THREATS TO THE PARK
Ayubia national park is facing a number of threats some major are given below
I. Timber harvesting
II. Fuel wood collection.
III. Grazing
IV. Fodder collection.
V. Non timber forest product.
VI. Medicinal plant collection.
VII. Wild vegetable collection.
VIII. Hunting and pouching.
IX. Killing and poisoning of common leapord.
X. Forest fire.
BODIVERSITY THREATS TO AYUBIA NATIONAL PARK
 Conservation status of important plant species found in ayubia national park
Malach Kuza gali Khanaspur Donga gali
Q dilatata T S T T
T wallichana T S
Aesenlusi indica T T T T
Viburmum S
Prunus padus T T T T
Q incana E S E T E extent
Diospyros lotus
Acer caesium
U
T T
T threatened
U wallichiana T S slow decline
Pinus wallichiana T S T
Cedrus deodara T T T T
Pinus roxburjii
Picea samithiana T S T
Quercus E E E

By the sustainable development policy institute

 4.1 Park management
Since 1984, the Park has been managed by the provincial Wildlife Department
under the Wildlife Act, 1975 that is responsible for the conservation of the Park
resources against the utilization, for enhancement of ecotourism and
promotion of public awareness, extension, as well as different prospects for
research and rehabilitation of endangered or rare wild species (flora and fauna).
Since its creation, this Park has been under heavy social pressure to cater to the
daily needs of the local communities for firewood, timber, fodder, medicinal
plants, wild vegetables and grazing of livestock. The collectors of firewood and
fodder are mostly women and children and every year several deaths are
reported due to falling off trees in a bid to cut branches (Aumeeruddy-Thomas
et al., 2004; Afza, 2006).
THANK YOU