Carbohydrates

• Properties of
Monosaccharides
• Glucono delta-lactone
(GDL) is commonly found
in honey, fruit juices,
personal lubricants,
and wine . GDL is neutral.
Carbohydrates
• But hydrolyses in water
to gluconic acid which is
acidic, adding a
tangy taste to foods
• It is metabolized to glucose;
one gram of GDL yields
roughly the same amount
of metabolic energy as one
gram of sugar.
Carbohydrates
• In the body, D-
Glucuronic acid is
formed from glucose in
liver
• It occurs as a constituent
of certain
polysaccharides
• It is of importance in that
it conjugates toxic
substances, drugs,
hormones and even
bilirubin.
Carbohydrates
• And converts them to
a soluble non toxic
substance, a
glucuronide, which is
excreted in urine
• Oxidation of the
carbon at the both
ends of the carbon
chain.
Carbohydrates
• The terminal
methyl & the carbonyl
carbon of glucose,
galactose, or mannose-
forms the corresponding
aldaric acid
• Glucose forms
Glucaric acid
Carbohydrates