CHEMISTRY

INVESTIGATOR PROJECT FILE

2023-2024

TOPIC: ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

DO N E BY: SIPHIN
SAMSO N GRADE: XII-A

REGISTOR NO:
 ASIAN INTERNATIONAL PVT. SCHOOL MADINAT ZAYED, ABU DHABI

CERTIFICAT
E

This is to certify that Miss/Master ..SIPHIN SAMSON….

of Grade …12…. Section …A…. Registration No. ………………. has
carried out project work in …CHEMISTRY…… prescribed by the Central
Board
of Secondary Education, New Delhi during the
academic year…2023……..…2024……..

Teacher in-charge: LATHA MANICKAM Date:

Internal Examiner: ………………..

External Examiner: ………………..

Principal: School Seal:

 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In the accomplishment of this project, many people have
bestowed upon their blessings and their heart pledged
support. Primarily, I thank God Almighty for being able to
complete this project with success. Then I would like to
thank the management, my Principal Ms. MOLLY D'COUTHO
and my Chemistry teacher Ms. Latha Manickam whose
valuable guidance and support has helped me bring out this
project.
Their suggestions and instructions have served me towards the
completion of this project. I would also like to thank my
parents and friends for encouraging me during the various
phases of this project. Finally, I would like to thank CBSE for
giving me this opportunity to undertake this project.
 INDE
S.NO X
TOPIC
1. INTRODUCTION

2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

3. SALT BRIDGE AND ITS FUNCTION

4. STANDARD EMF OF AN
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

5. SOME IMPORTANT FEATURES

6. PROCEDURE

7. OBSERVATIONS

8. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP (2)

9. CONCLUSION

10. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 INTRODUCTIO
Electro Chemical Cell

a N
Whenever a redox reaction is allowed to take place directly in

single beaker, it is found that the solution becomes hot.

For example, when a zinc is placed in a copper solution,
the solution is found to be warmer as the reaction
proceeds according to the equation.

Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu(s)

Similar results are observed when a rod of copper is placed

in silver solution. The reaction taking place as follows:

Cu(s) + 2 AgNO3 CuNO3 + 2Ag

Thus, we conclude that whenever a redox takes place

directly in a single beaker, chemical energy in the form of
heat is produced. By suitable means it is possible to bring
out the redox reaction indirectly so as to convert the
chemical energy into the electrical energy.

Representation of an Electrochemical Cell

An electrochemical cell is represented in a manner as
illustrated below.

Zn / Zn2+ || Cu2+ / Cu

i.e. oxidation takes place is written on the left-hand side and

the other electrode on which reduction takes place is
written on the right-hand side.
EXPERIMENTAL
A zinc rod is placed in the zinc sulphate solution taken in a
SETUP
beaker. A copper rod is placed in the copper sulphate
solution taken in another beaker. The two rods are
connected by a wire and two solutions are connected by a
salt bridge.
SAL T BRIDGE
AND ITS
FUNCTION
A salt-bridge is a U-shaped tube containing concentrated
solution of an inert electrolyte like KCl, KNO3, K2SO4 etc. An
inert electrolyte is one whose ions do not take part in the
redox reaction and also do not react with electrolyte used.
The function of the salt bridge is to allow the movement of
the ions from one solution to the other without mixing of the
two solutions. Thus, whereas the electrons flow in the outer
circuit in the wire, the inner circuit is completed by the flow
of ions from one solution to the other through the salt
bridge moreover, it helps to maintain the electrical neutrality
of the solution of the two half cells.

Thus, the main functions of the salt bridge are:

(i) To complete the electrical circuit by allowing the ions

to flow form one solution to the other without
mixing of the two solutions.

(ii) To maintain the electrical neutrality of the

solutions in the two half cells.
Let us see what would happen if the salt bridge were not used
in the cells shown in the above diagram. Electrons are given
out by the zinc electrode where they will neutralize some of
the Cu2+ ions of the solution. Thus SO42- ions will not leave
and the solution will acquire a negative charge. At the same
time, Zn2+ ions produced from zinc plate will enter into
ZnSO4 solution. After some time, the flow of electrons will
stop and hence the current stops flowing.
 SOME
IMPORTANTFEATURE
Above cell may be summed up as follows:
S
i)The electrode at which oxidation takes place is called the
anode. The electrode at which the reduction takes place
is called the cathode.

ii)Since electrons are produced at the zinc electrodes, this

electrode is rich in electrons, which pushes the electrons
into the external circuit and hence it is designated as the
negative pole. The other electrode, i.e., the copper electrode
is in the need of electrons for the reduction of Cu2+ ions
into the Cu, i.e., this electrode is deficient in electrons and
pulls the electrons from the external circuit, therefore it
acts as the positive pole.

iii)The electrons flow from the negative pole to the positive

pole in the external circuit. However, conventionally, this
current is set to flow in the opposite direction.

iv)The oxidation of Zn into ions produces excess of Zn2+ ions

in the left beaker. This creates an unbalanced positive charge
in the solution. To maintain electrical neutrality of the
solution in the two beakers, the cations and anions move
through the salt bridge.

v)As copper from copper sulphate solution is deposited on the

copper electrode and sulphate ions migrate to the other side,
the concentration of the copper sulphate solution decreases.
As the cell operates consequently, the current falls.
 PROCEDUR
E
1.Take two clean beakers.

2.In one beaker take 0.5 M copper sulphate solution and in

the other take 0.5 M zinc sulphate solution.

3. Take a copper strip and clean it using a sand paper.

4.Dip the copper strip into the beaker containing the 1

M copper sulphate solution.

5. Similarly, take a zinc strip and clean it using a sand

paper.

6.Then dip it into the beaker containing 1 M zinc

sulphate solution.

7.Take a salt bridge and connect the two solutions using

the salt bridge.

8.Take a voltmeter and connect the copper strip to the

positive terminal and the zinc strip to the negative terminal
using connecting wires.

9.Note the position of the pointer in the voltmeter and record

the reading.

10.Repeat the experiment by taking different concentrations of

zinc sulphate and copper sulphate solutions.
OBSERVATION
S
EXPERIMENTAL
SETUP
 CONCLUSION
S
With these observations, we conclude that EMF o f the cell
increases with decrease in the concentration o f the
electrolyte around the anode and with increase in the
concentration o f the electrolyte around the
cathode.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Chemistry Part-I, Textbook for class XII

2.
http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Di-Fa/Electrochemistr
y.html

3.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniell_cell

4.
http://chemcollective.org/chem/electrochem/step2_cell.ph