Professional Documents
Culture Documents
“Viral videos”: online video clips that gain widespread popularity when
they are passed from person to person via e-mail, instant messages,
and media-sharing Web sites.
Buzzfeed:
• lists
• quizzes (appeal to vanity - make the user look good)
• relevance
• catchy title
• humour
http://www.buzzfeed.com/awesomer/how-to-go-viral
Criteria used to predict the success of TV ads can also be used - with some
adaptation - to predict online virality:
• enjoyment, involvement, branding
• distinctiveness
• celebrity popularity
• likelihood to forward ('buzz')
o has LEGS: Laugh-out-loud funny, Edgy, Gripping or Sexy (Nealon, 2007)
Method: Strategies for going viral
• Use of social media such as Facebook, Twitter, Google+, YouTube etc.
• Word of mouth: hearing what's popular from people around you.
• Participation (Burgess, 2008): users participate by commenting, sharing,
'favouriting', making 'mashups' or their own versions
Method: Online Buzz & Offline WOM
(Lapointe, 2011)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OBlgSz8sSM
If you know about this video, where did you hear it from?
• WoM?
• Social Media?
• Recommender (e.g., YouTube 'Most Viewed Videos' list)?
Method: Viral Marketing
• Encourages people to pass on a message
• Depends on a high pass along rate from person to person
• Motivators:
o entertainment: fun, humour, games, quizzes, videos, songs
o greed: sweepstake enteries, free offers
o charity: help an organization, sign petitions
• Methods: face-to-
face
communication,
phone
conversations,
text/instant/e-mail
messeges, blogs,
threads
Method: more strategies
Advertising executive Dan Greenberg boasts he gets 100,000 views on
YouTube for his clients' videos, or he doesn't get paid. Here are some
of his strategies:
First, get 50,000 views to get on the Daily Most-Viewed' page:
• pay people with relevant blogs to link to the video
• create fake conversations (forums) around the video
• embed videos directly into the pages of MySpace users
• create and exploit an extensive Facebook presence
• use email and friends network
SEO influences how search results are displayed; obviously, it can be used as a
marketing strategy. However, it can also be used maliciously.
According to a recent New York Times article, Montana blogger Crystal Cox was
recently fined $2.5M for defamation for one of a series of blogs against Kevin
Padrick, an Oregon lawyer. Cox used SEO to get her pages - which accused
Padrick of unprofessional conduct, malpractice and embezzlement - displayed
ahead of Padrick's own website when prospective clients searched Padrick's
name.
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/12/business/media/when-truth-survives-free-speech.html?_r=2&pagewanted=1&n
l=todaysheadlines&emc=tha210
Is 'viral' even the right term?
Ideas are accepted by a culture when that culture is ready for them. A better analogy is a
forest fire: some fires, if the conditions are right, become monsters (Duncan Watts, in
Thompson, 2008).
The 'viral' analogy does work: ideas spread in a similar way to diseases, but the
parameters need to be significantly changed - e.g., what takes weeks for a disease to do
might take years for an idea to do (Bettencourt et al, 2005) [note: this studty considered
the spread of scientific ideas pre-internet]. Holme and Huss (2011) disagree, but don't
provide an alternative analogy.
Why?
Video is:
• sharable: "If it doesn't spread, it's dead" (Usher, 2010)
• participatory: viewers can comment, re-use, share; participation is a
major factor in the online spread of videos (Burgess, 2008)
Are there other reasons why video seems to goes viral more than
printed material?
Duncan Watts refutes Tipping Point; suggests going viral is based on a culture's
readiness to accept new ideas (Thompson, 2008).
Web 3.0/Semantic Web
There is now too much information on the web for humans to fully process and
utilize. We need machines to do this for us.
• Semantic Web:
o all information on the web written in a computer 'language' with universal
meanings - e.g., consistent tags
o this lies behind the user interface, which is still in 'humanspeak'
o Programs will now be able to access ALL information
more powerful search services
recommender services
predictive services
• Web 3.0: the services web
o with A.I.-driven algorithms, the web will provide individualized information-
based services (Domingue et al, 2009)
The Tipping Point and Web 2.0/3.0
Lerman and Ghosh examine how the organization of social media sites affect user activity
on those sites. Understanding this will help us use those sites more effectively (Lerman &
Ghosh, 2010).
"[If we] are able to understand and model information spreading in social media one can
weight the information properly which would be useful for e.g. recommender systems."
(Holme & Huss, 2011, page 3)