UK &

EUROPEAN UNION

The UK's membership in the European Union

had a significant impact on both parties.
Let's explore the history, process, and
consequences of Brexit.
SLIDE ZOOM
P O W E R P O I N T T E M P L AT E
Definitions
 UK
The United Kingdom (UK) is a sovereign country located off the
northwestern coast of mainland Europe. It comprises four
constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern
Ireland. The UK is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary
democracy. Its capital is London, one of the world's leading
financial and cultural centers. The UK has a rich history, having
played a significant role in global affairs and colonial history.
 EU
The United Kingdom (UK) is a sovereign country located off the
northwestern coast of mainland Europe. It comprises four
constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern
Ireland. The UK is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary
democracy. Its capital is London, one of the world's leading
financial and cultural centers. The UK has a rich history, having
played a significant role in global affairs and colonial history.
History of
EU
 EU History
The European Union's history began in 1945
p o s t - Wo r l d Wa r I I , a m i d s t t h e C o l d Wa r b e t w e e n
the U.S. and the Soviet Union. The iron curtain
divided the continent, leading to the isolation of
Eastern Europe. In 1950, the idea of a union
emerged, with France proposing Franco-German
cooperation in coal and steel production. The
European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was
created in 1951, marking the first step towards
integration.
 EU History
The Treaty of Rome in 1957 established the
European Economic Community (EEC) and the
European Atomic Energy Community
( E U R AT O M ) , f o r m i n g t h e b a s i s f o r t h e E u r o p e a n
Common Market. Negotiations, including
Britain's attempts to join, faced challenges. In
1 98 0 , Britain b ecame a member, bu t co ncern s
over benefits emerged. Spain and
Portugal joined in 1986.
 EU History
The Maastricht Treaty in 1992 established the
European Union, introducing plans for a common
f o r e i g n p o l i c y, t h e e u r o , a n d c o o p e r a t i o n i n
justice. Enlargements occurred in 2004, 2007,
and the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009 aimed at
streamlining processes. The Eurozone crisis in
2010 impacted several countries, and the 2016
Brexit referendum led to the UK's decision
to leave the EU.
 EU History
In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic posed
unprecedented challenges, requiring coordinated
responses. These milestones illustrate the EU's
evolution from economic integration to a
political and economic union, facing expansions,
crises, and reforms while pursuing greater unity
among European nations.
The Relationship
UK & EU
The Relationship UK & EU
The relationship between the United Kingdom (UK) and the
European Union (EU) has been characterized by a complex
t r a j e c t o r y s i n c e t h e a f t e r m a t h o f Wo r l d Wa r I I . I n i t i a l l y , t h e
idea of European integration began to take root in the early
1950s, leading to the formation of the European Coal and
St e e l C o m m u n i t y i n 1 9 5 1 . H o w e v e r, w h e n t h e U K f i r s t s o u g h t
to join the European Economic Community (EEC) in the
1960s, France, under President Charles de Gaulle, twice
vetoed its application, citing concerns about the compatibility
of the British economy with that of Europe.
The Relationship UK & EU
In 1973, the UK's application was finally accepted, and
i t b e c a m e a m e m b e r o f t h e E u r o p e a n C o m m u n i t y, w h i c h
later evolved into the European Union. Over the years,
the relationship faced challenges, including tensions
over economic policies. In 1984, the UK expressed
d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n w i t h t h e C o m m o n A g r i c u l t u r a l P o l i c y,
arguing that it contributed significant funds to the
European budget without proportional benefits.
The Relationship UK & EU
In 2018, a pivotal moment occurred when the UK held a
referendum on EU membership, resulting in a majority voting
to leave, a process commonly known as Brexit. The
subsequent negotiations and challenges surrounding Brexit
marked a significant shift in the relationship, with the UK
officially leaving the EU on January 31, 2020. The aftermath
of Brexit has introduced a new chapter in the UK's
relationship with the EU, characterized by the need to define
trade agreements, cooperation frameworks, and navigate the
implications of their changed status.
Consequences of
Brexit
 Consequences of Brexit
Economic Impact: Changes in trade relationships have affected the
UK and EU economies. New trade agreements were established,
and there were disruptions in supply chains.
Customs and Border Controls: The introduction of customs checks
and border controls between the UK and the EU led to increased
bureaucracy and potential delays in the movement of goods.
CONCLUSION
 CONCLUSION
In a nutshell, the history of the United Kingdom and the European Union is
characterized by a dynamic relationship marked by periods of cooperation,
u n c e r t a i n t y a n d , u l t i m a t e l y, t h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m ' s d e c i s i o n t o l e a v e t h e E u r o p e a n
Union through the Brexit process in 2018. The journey has included negotiations,
referendums and decisions. Important discussions on issues such as sovereignty
and integration. While the United Kingdom officially left the European Union in
2020 after nearly 47 years since its accession, the impact of this historic chapter
continues to shape its interactions and global views, highlighting the
complexities associated with balancing national interests and
international cooperation.
THE END