Signs of Lung and Lobar

Collapse
Relevant Anatomy
Terminology
• Atelectasis
• Volume loss
• Less severe changes
• Collapse
• Markedly decreased volume of a lung, lobe, or segment.
• The terms are fuzzy and interchangeable.
Signs of lobar collapse
• Direct signs : Result from lobar
volume loss
• Opacification of the affected
lobe
• Displacement of fissures
• Vascular and bronchial
crowding
• Movement of parenchymal
landmark {nodules, surgical
clips, granuloma}
• Indirect signs: Effect of volume
loss on adjacent structures
• Elevation of the diaphragm
• Ipsilateral Rib crowding
• Mediastinal shift to the side
of volume loss
• Overinflation of adjacent or
contralateral lobes
• Hilar displacement
Mechanism of lung collapse
• The natural tendency of the lung is to collapse
• Various physiologic mechanisms keep the lung expanded
• Five basic mechanism cause volume loss
• Resorption of air distal to an obstruction of a bronchus
• Relaxation of the lung as a result of air or fluid in the pleural space
or compression from a pulmonary mass
• Decreased surfactant reducing lung distensibility ( Adhesive)
• Hypoventilation as a result of CNS depression or Pain
• Scarring causing lung contraction (Cicatrisation)
• How many types of atelectasis do you know?
• What are they called?
Types of Atelectasis
• Obstructive/resorption
• Passive/relaxation/ Compression
• Adhesive
• Cicatrisation
• Platelike/Bandlike/subsegmental/ discoid