Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Diseases
Sign And Symptoms of pulmonary diseases
Diaphragmatic pain
• Dust
• Smoking
• Diet
• Alcohol
Pulmonary physiology
• Ventilation , Respiration
• Central…..Medulla
• Peripheral …Carotid ….Aorta
Acid base regulation
• PH 7.35-7.45
• Less than acidosis….more than alkalosis
• Life cannot be sustained if PH below 7 & or above 7.8
• ABGs
Pathologies
Damage to medulla , neoplasm , COPD , pneumonia , Pneumothorax ,
poliomyelitis , spinal cord injury ,GBS
Decreased ventilation
Confusion
Sleepiness and unconsciousness
Diaphoresis
Shallow, rapid breathing
Restlessness
Cyanosis
Respiratory Alkalosis
• Increase rate and depth of respiration ….decrease the CO2 and hydrogen
• Hyperventilation ...Anxiety , Pain ,Cerebral trauma
Hyperventilation
Lightheadedness
Dizziness
Numbness and tingling of the face, fingers, and toes
Syncope (fainting)
• Sudden weight loss complaint suggests which
kind of pathology in pulmonary system?
• Bronchitis
• Pleural effusion
• Bronchiogenic carcinoma
• All of above
COPD or COLD
• Abnormal airways structure resulting in obstruction of air in
and out of lungs.
• Obstructive bronchitis
• Emphysema
• Asthma
• Common in smokers
• Other factor
• In chronic bed ridden patients , which of the
following condition would most likely to develop
and later on leading to death of the patient
• Pleural effusion
• Pneumonia
• Cystic fibrosis
• Secretions
• A functional cough can mobilize the secretion
from which of the following areas of airway
• Alveolar level
• Main bronchus
• Bronchioles
• Trachea
Bronchitis
Acute
• Inflammation of bronchi
• Self limiting
• Allergy or viral
Types
• Centrilobular …upper lung region …alveolar intact
• Panlobular …more distal alveolar wall…lower lung …smokers
• Paraseptal………Alveoli in lower lobes of lungs
• Irreversible
• Cough uncommon
• Barrel chest
• Exercise not improve pulmonary function but cvs fitness
Emphysema
• Shortness of breath
• Dyspnea on exertion and Orthopnea
• Chronic cough
• Weight loss
• Malaise
• Pursed-lip breathing
• Increased respiratory rate
• Peripheral cyanosis
• A person having emphysema a primary
pathology, which title suits such patient?
• Pink puffers
• Blue bloaters
• Pink bloaters
• Blue puffers
Inflammatory or infectious disease
Asthma
• Reversible obstruction
• Chronic with acute exacerbation
• Increase reaction to various stimuli
• Life threatening if not treated well
• Fever , chill , sweat , pleuritic chest pain , cough , sputum , dyspnea etc
Pneumonia
• Dyspnea
• Tachypnea
• Cyanosis
• Headache
• Fever and chills
• Fatigue
TB
• Bacterial infection…mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Fatigue
• Anorexia
• Weight loss
• Resting
• Splinting
• Auto splinting
• Protected
Neoplastic disease
• Lung cancer ….bronchogenic carcinoma
Malignancy in the epithelium of the lungs
• Small cell carcinoma
• Squamus cell carcinoma
• Adenocarcinoma
• Large cell carcinoma
Risk factor
• Smoking or other tobacco use
• More than 25 per day 20 fold more risk
• Persistent cough
• Sweating
Pneumothorax
• Tension pneumothorax
• Pleurisy