Web Design & Development

Internet History Timeline

IP Address
• Each machine, which is connected to the Internet, has its own IP
address. The IP address is used to identify it to the world and plays an
important part in the TCP/IP protocol. Usually, an IP address is
displayed as a group of numbers, separated by dots.
IPv4 vs IPv6
• A typical IPv4 address
• 216.65.1.250
• IPv6 addresses
• When looking at a standard IPv4 address, one can easily see that it
has a finite number of combinations for unique IP addresses and that
at some point, they will be over. This is why the IPv6 IP address was
created.
• A sample IPv6 address
• 2001:0db8:3c4d:0015:0000:0000:abcd:ef12
DNS (Domain Name System)
• The Domain Name System (DNS) is the phonebook of the Internet.
• Humans access information online through domain names, like
google.com or espn.com.
• Web browsers interact through Internet Protocol (IP) addresses.
• DNS translates domain names to IP addresses so browsers can load
Internet resources.
DNS (Domain Name System)
• Each device connected to the Internet has a unique IP address which
other machines use to find the device.
• DNS servers eliminate the need for humans to memorize IP addresses
such as 192.168.1.1 (in IPv4), or more complex newer alphanumeric
IP addresses such as 2400:cb00:2048:1::c629:d7a2 (in IPv6).
Types of Internet Protocols
• Internet Protocols are a set of rules that governs the communication and exchange
of data over the internet. Both the sender and receiver should follow the same
protocols in order to communicate the data.
1. TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol)
2. SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
3. PPP(Point to Point Protocol)
4. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
5. SFTP(Secure File Transfer Protocol)
6. HTTP(HyperText Transfer Protocol)
7. HTTPS(HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure)
8. TELNET(Terminal Network)
9. POP3(Post Office Protocol 3)
URI vs URL
• Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
• A URI or Uniform Resource Identifier is a string identifier that refers
to a resource on the internet.
• It is a string of characters that is used to identify any resource on the
internet using location, name, or both.
URI vs URL
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
• A URL or Uniform Resource Locator is used to find the location of the
resource on the web.
• It is a reference for a resource and a way to access that resource.
• A URL always shows a unique resource, and it can be an HTML page, a
CSS document, an image, etc.
• A URL uses a protocol for accessing the resource, which can be HTTP,
HTTPS, FTP, etc.
URI vs URL
Web Client / Web Server
• Web Server : Is system that handles users requests ie. serving html
web pages and transfer files with FTP. And it also redirects the user to
requested URL address.
• Web Client : Web client is a software that helps you to interact with
the web servers and collect the processed data from the servers.. A
Client and a Server are two parts of a connection. These are two
distinct servers, where web client requests information, and the web
server is designed to accept requests and send on the information
requested.
Http Request & Response Cycle
HTML Error Messages
• It is common to name these errors HTML error messages.
• But these messages are something called HTTP status messages. In
fact, the server always returns a message for every request.
• HTTP status messages Types:
• 1xx: Information
• 2xx: Successful
• 3xx: Redirection
• 4xx: Client Error
• 5xx: Server Error
1xx: Information
Message Description
100 Continue The server has received the request headers, and the client should proceed to
send the request body
101 Switching Protocols The requester has asked the server to switch protocols
103 Early Hints Used with the Link header to allow the browser to start preloading resources
while the server prepares a response
2xx: Successful
Message Description
200 OK The request is OK (this is the standard response for successful HTTP requests)

201 Created The request has been fulfilled, and a new resource is created

202 Accepted The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed

203 Non-Authoritative Information The request has been successfully processed, but is returning information that may be from another source

204 No Content The request has been successfully processed, but is not returning any content

205 Reset Content The request has been successfully processed, but is not returning any content, and requires that the
requester reset the document view

206 Partial Content The server is delivering only part of the resource due to a range header sent by the client
3xx: Redirection
Message Description
300 Multiple Choices A link list. The user can select a link and go to that location. Maximum five addresses

301 Moved Permanently The requested page has moved to a new URL
302 Found The requested page has moved temporarily to a new URL

303 See Other The requested page can be found under a different URL

304 Not Modified Indicates the requested page has not been modified since last requested

307 Temporary Redirect The requested page has moved temporarily to a new URL

308 Permanent Redirect The requested page has moved permanently to a new URL
4xx: Client Error
Message Description
400 Bad Request The request cannot be fulfilled due to bad syntax
401 Unauthorized The request was a legal request, but the server is refusing to respond to it. For use when authentication is possible but has
failed or not yet been provided

402 Payment Required Reserved for future use

403 Forbidden The request was a legal request, but the server is refusing to respond to it

404 Not Found The requested page could not be found but may be available again in the future

405 Method Not Allowed A request was made of a page using a request method not supported by that page

406 Not Acceptable The server can only generate a response that is not accepted by the client

407 Proxy Authentication Required The client must first authenticate itself with the proxy

408 Request Timeout The server timed out waiting for the request
4xx: Client Error
Message Description

409 Conflict The request could not be completed because of a conflict in the request

410 Gone The requested page is no longer available

411 Length Required The "Content-Length" is not defined. The server will not accept the request without it

412 Precondition Failed The precondition given in the request evaluated to false by the server

413 Request Too Large The server will not accept the request, because the request entity is too large

414 Request-URI Too Long The server will not accept the request, because the URI is too long. Occurs when you convert a POST request to a GET request with a long
query information

415 Unsupported Media Type The server will not accept the request, because the media type is not supported

416 Range Not Satisfiable The client has asked for a portion of the file, but the server cannot supply that portion

417 Expectation Failed The server cannot meet the requirements of the Expect request-header field
5xx: Server Error
Message Description
500 Internal Server Error A generic error message, given when no more specific message is suitable

501 Not Implemented The server either does not recognize the request method, or it lacks the ability to fulfill the request

502 Bad Gateway The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and received an invalid response from the upstream server

503 Service Unavailable The server is currently unavailable (overloaded or down)

504 Gateway Timeout The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and did not receive a timely response from the upstream
server

505 HTTP Version Not Supported The server does not support the HTTP protocol version used in the request

511 Network Authentication Required The client needs to authenticate to gain network access
IIS Server
• Internet Information Server (IIS) is one of the most popular web
servers from Microsoft that is used to host and provide Internet-
based services to ASP.NET and ASP Web applications. A web server is
responsible for providing a response to requests that come from
users.
Website
• The World Wide Web (WWW) was
created in 1989 by the British CERN
physicist Tim Berners-Lee.
Types Of Websites
• Static Website
• Dynamic Website
Static Website
• A static website is one that has web pages stored on the server in the
format that is sent to a client web browser.
• It is primarily coded in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).
• Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are used to control appearance beyond
basic HTML.
• Images are commonly used to create the desired appearance and as part
of the main content.
• Audio or video might also be considered "static" content if it plays
automatically or is generally non-interactive.
• This type of website usually displays the same information to all visitors.
Dynamic Website
• A dynamic website is one that changes or customizes itself frequently
and automatically.
• Server-side dynamic pages are generated "on the fly" by computer
code that produces the HTML (CSS are responsible for appearance
and thus, are static files).
• A site can display the current state of a dialogue between users,
monitor a changing situation, or provide information in some way
personalized to the requirements of the individual user.
Responsive & Nonresponsive Websites
• What is Responsive Design?
Responsive design, or RWD, allows developers to code a website
once and the site will properly reflow for different devices. Because of this,
responsive websites look good on desktops, mobile devices, and tablets.

• What is Unresponsive Design?

Rather than automatically adapting at a code-level for different
screen sizes, unresponsive sites just get smaller to fit a smaller screen.
Unfortunately, this often leads to pinching and zooming to read content or
interact with the site.
Web Technologies
• World Wide Web (WWW): The World Wide Web is based on several
different technologies : Web browsers, Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
• Web Browser: The web browser is an application software to explore
www (World Wide Web). It provides an interface between the server
and the client and requests to the server for web documents and
services.
• Web Server: Web server is a program which processes the network
requests of the users and serves them with files that create web pages.
This exchange takes place using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
Web Technologies
• Web Pages: A webpage is a digital document that is linked to the
World Wide Web and viewable by anyone connected to the internet
has a web browser.
• Web Development: Web development refers to the building, creating,
and maintaining of websites. It includes aspects such as web design,
web publishing, web programming, and database management. It is
the creation of an application that works over the internet i.e.
websites.
Web Development
• Web Development can be classified into two ways.
1. Frontend Development
2. Backend Development
Frontend Development
• The part of a website that the user interacts directly is termed as front
end. It is also referred to as the ‘client side’ of the application.
Frontend Development
Backend Development
• Backend is the server side of a website. It is the part of the website
that users cannot see and interact. It is the portion of software that
does not come in direct contact with the users. It is used to store and
arrange data.
Backend Development
Software Download Links
• Visual Studio 2019 Installation
• https://
docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/install/install-visual-studio?vie
w=vs-2019

• SQL Server 2019 Installation

• https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server/sql-server-downloads