INVESTIGATION ON

ADPATIVE BEAMFORMING
ALGORITHMS FOR SMART
ANTENNA SYSTEM
 CONTENTS

• Introduction(Beamforming)
• Purpose of the Project
• Observation
• Analysis of Algorithms(Comparisons)
• Advantages and Limitations
• Conclusion & Future Scope
 INTRODUCTION

• In 5g System , There are five types of technologies:

1. Millimetre Waves
2. Small cells
3. Massive MIMO
4. Beamforming
5. Full Duplex
• One of which is “Beamforming”- is a signal processing technique that involves
adjusting the phase and amplitude of the signals from multiple antennas to focus and
direct the transmission and reception of the signal in a specific direction.
• By focusing the signal in this way, beamforming can improve signal quality, increase
range, and reduce interference in wireless communication systems.
CONT…

• Adaptive Beamforming : It is a signal processing technique that dynamically

adapt to changing wireless environments by using different algorithms to
adjust the direction and focus of the antennas.
• Types of algorithms:
1. Least Mean Square(LMS)
2. Stochastic Gradient Descent(SGD)
3. Recursive Least Square(RLS)
4. Constant Modulus Algorithms(CMA)
 OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROJECT

• The primary goal of the project is to improve the quality of wireless

communication by optimizing the beamforming algorithms used by smart
antenna systems.
• The project aims to achieve this by developing and implementing adaptive
algorithms that can automatically adjust the direction and focus of the antennas to
maintain a high-quality signal in dynamic and changing wireless environments.
• Overall, the project aims to increase the capacity, efficiency, and reliability of
wireless communication by optimizing the performance of smart antenna systems
 OBSERVATIONS

• Least mean Square(LMS): • Stochastic Gradient Descent(SGD)

CONT….

• Recursive Least Square(RLS): • Constant Modulus Algorithm(CMA):

ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS

Algorithms No. of iterations

LMS 60
SGD 65
RLS 15
CMA 3
 ADVANTAGES & LIMITATIONS OF ADAPTIVE
BEAMFORMING
• Advantages
1. Improved signal quality
2. Increased range
3. Reduced interference
4. Better adaptability

• Limitations
1. Computational complexity
2. Channel estimation
3. Implementation complexity
4. Limited coverage
 CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

• CONCLUSION:
• From this we concluded that among of these four algorithms , CMA offers a better convergence rate
(3 iterations).

• But in some scenarios(considering different environmental conditions and system parameters),RLS offers a
better convergence rate than CMA.

• FUTURE SCOPE:
• In Automation of Vehicles
• Medical Imaging
• Internet of Things
• Defence and Aerospace
• Speech Recognition and Natural Language Processing