Chapter 2

Nation
and
Nationalism
One of the major reason
behind the passage of
Rizal Law was the strong
intent to instill
nationalism in the hearts
and minds of the Filipino
youth.
 Nation-
Nation State
State
Nation

• is a community of people
that are believed to share a
link with one another
Nation-
based on cultural
practices, language,
religion or belief system,
State State
and historical experience.
 State
• is a political entity that has
sovereignty over defined
territory.
• A community of person more
Nation-
Nation or less numerous, occupying
a definite portion of territory,
having a government to
which a great body of
inhabitants render habitual
State
obedience and enjoying
freedom from external
control.
Four (4) Essential Elements of the State
1.People 2.Territory

3.Government
4.Sovereignty
Four (4) Essential Elements of the State
1. People refers to the human beings living together within the state.
2. Territory is defined as the fixed portion on the surface of the earth on which the State settles
and over which it has supreme authority. It has four (4) domains namely:
1)Terrestrial domain (land territory) refers to the land mass of the state territory.
2)Fluvial domains
3)maritime domains - sea
4)aerial domains – air space above
3. Government is an agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and
carried out.
4. Sovereignty is defined as the supreme power/authority of the state. Two aspects of
sovereignty:
1)INTERNAL SOVEREIGNTY – is the power of the state to rule within its territory
because of laws.
2)EXTERNAL SOVEREIGNTY – is the freedom of the state from foreign intervention
thus the manifestation of external sovereignty is INDEPENDENCE.
 Nation-State
• is a fusion of the elements
of the nation
(people/community) and
the state (territory).

Nation State • A state governing a

nation.
• (The development of nation-
state started in Europe and
there were four paths taken
towards the formation of the
nation-states.)
 Four (4) Paths Towards the Formation of the Nation-States

1. Evolution – from being a state into a nation-state in which the

lawyers, politicians and diplomats moved to unify the people
within the state to build the nation-state.
2. The second path was taken by subsequent nation-states. Here,
intellectuals and scholars laid the foundations of a nation and
worked toward the formation of political and diplomatic
recognition to create a nation-state.
The existing
3. The third path was the breaking off from a colonial relationship
nation-states
(decolonization). Ehen colonies started to assert their identities
today strive
to form a nation and build their own state from the fragments of
with progress
the broken colonial ties.
of the nation-
4. A fourth path was by way a violent secessions by people already building.
part of an existing state. Here, a group of people refused to
identity themselves with the rest of the population built a nation,
asserted their own identity and demanded recognition.
is a project undertaken with
the goal of strengthening the
bond of the nation.
Nation

• A group of
Nation-
people with
shared language, State State
culture and
history.
Three (3) Theories about the root of the Nation

1. Primordialism 2. Modernity

3.Constructivist
Approach
 The nation is seen as
imagined because the
people who affiliate with
that community have a
mental imprint of the
affinity which maintains
solidarity.
Role of mass media in the
1. It fostered unified fields of
formation of imagined communication which allowed the
communities according to millions of people within a territory
Benedict Anderson to know each other through printed
outputs.
2. Standardized language has been
formed that enhanced feelings of
nationalism

3. Maintain communication
Virgilio Enriquez Zeus Salazar
Their works attempted to
identify and differentiate
Prospero Covar
local categories for
communities and social
relations.
Sikolohiyang Kapwa
Pilipino

Bagong
Kasaysayan
Bayan
 • is an important concept in the
country’s social relations.
KAPWA

In the formation
and strengthening
of social relations,
the kapwa concept
supports the
notion of unity and
harmony in a
community.
 Bagong
Founded by
Kasaysayan

Zeus Salazar
 advances the perspectives known as
Pantayong Pananaw.
 This movement introduced the concept
Bayan or Banua.
 BAYAN
 is an important
indigenous
concept.

Bayan/Banua
is defined as
the territory
where the
people live .