Principle Of Statistics

Statistics And Its Origin

Submitted by:
Submitted To:
Name: Yeaj Uddin
Dr. Jamal Uddin
Reg. No:2022134035
Professor
Session:2022-23
Department of Statistics,sust
Statistics
Statistics are numerical figures of facts capable of analysis and interpretation but
the science of statistics is the study of basic principles applied in
1)collection 2)classification 3)presentation 4)analysis and 5)interpretation of
numerical data in any field of study.

Example: A prospective businessman is planning to initiate a business and trying to

identify the main factors that determine loss or profit in business .He guesses
investment ,experience of sales personnel ,floor space ,income level of the
consumers and the like as some of the determine of factors. A statistical
investigation will help him to justify his guess.

Example: Statistics is used heavily in the field of weather forecasting. In particular,

probability is used by weather forecasters to assess how likely it is that there will be
rain, snow, clouds, etc. on a given day in a certain area.Forecasters will regularly
say things like “there is a 90% chance of rain today between after 5PM” to indicate
that there’s a high likelihood of rain during certain hours.
 Application of Statistics
Now you know the steps included in the statistical process it,
however, becomes important to know the Application of
statistics and its associated fields enlisted below:
Research Interpretations and Conclusions
A meta-Analysis of Literature Reviews
Clinical Trial Design
Designing Surveys
Epidemiological Studies
Statistical Modeling
Government Agencies
Science and Medicine
Psychology
Education
Corporate Sectors
Health Sector
Public Surveying
E-commerce and trade
Weather Forecast
Financial Markets
Predicting Diseases
Political Campaigns
 Limitation of Statistics

The main limitations include that statistics laws are true on average, are best
applicable to quantitative data, and errors are possible in statistical decisions.
Data collection, organisation, analysis, and presentation are all topics covered
by statistics. The primary goal of using statistics is to prepare the acquired data
for experimental designs and statistical surveys.

The main limitations of statistics regarded as an area of mathematics that deals with
statistics and numerical data. Statistics is a critical step in making a decision based on
data.
1.Statistics generally follow their laws.
2.Statistical methods are more suitable for results that require quantification.
3.Statistics cannot be used for diverse data.
4.Statistical findings may be deceptive if proper care is not taken when collecting,
analyzing, and interpreting the data.
5.Only someone with expert knowledge of statistics can handle statistical data
successfully.
6.Conclusions drawn from statistics may contain some flaws.
7.These mistakes are frequent, especially in inferential statistics.
8.The study of qualitative statistics is not appropriate for the field of statistics because it
is primarily a science that deals with a set of numerical data.
 Statistics in medical science

Let us take a focused view into some other significant ways statistics is used in the
medical sector:
1.Data Collection : Data on human population samples can be gathered in an organised v
and efficient manner using scientific methods. Using this information the health care
industry obtains an insight into consumer market characteristics such as age, sex,
race, income, and disabilities. These demographics can be used to predict the types of
services people use and the level of care they can afford.
2. Resource Allocation : Medical resources are scarce and expensive, specially in a
developing country like ours. Statistics play a key role in the judicious allocation of
medical resources. Using statistical tools it is possible to determine which combination
of goods and services should be produced, and which resources should be allocated to
producing them. Health care statistics also impact production efficiency. Allocation
decisions will always involve trade-offs—which require calculating costs of missed
opportunities. With reliable statistical information the risk of these trade-offs is
minimized.
3. Quality Improvement : Health care providers are always working to produce goods
and services in a manner that is efficient. Health care companies use statistics to
measure performance success or failure. With access to such data, companies can
establish benchmarks or standards of excellence. This furthers quality improvement
initiatives and helps measure future outcomes.Analysts map the overall growth and
 Famous Statisticians in Statistics

Ronald A. Fisher
Often referred to as the father of modern statistics, Fisher made numerous contributions to
the field, including the development of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method.

Florence Nightingale
Although primarily known for her pioneering work in the field of nursing, Nightingale was
also a skilled statistician who made important contributions to the use of data in public
health.

Karl Pearson
Pearson was a pioneer in the development of modern statistics and is known for his work in
the development of the Pearson correlation coefficient.

William S.Gosset
Gosset, who wrote under the pseudonym "Student," developed the Student's t-test, a widely
used statistical method for analyzing.

John Tukey