University of Thi-qar

Oil & gas engineering

GAMMA RAY
LOG
Preparation by :
Muslim Ammar Muslim
Mohammed Najm Hadi
Muntadher Ayoob Hadi
SUPERVISER : M.Sc. Ahmed Jalal Fakher
Table of Contents
01 Gamma ray log 05 GAMMA RAY LOG APPLICATIONS

FACTOR AFFECTING GAMMA

02 Presentation 06 RAY LOG

Lithological responses to
03 Gamma ray log 07 THE TYPE OF GAMMA RAY LOG

RELATSHIONSHIP BETWEEN
04 GAMMA RAY & RESISTIVITY 08 CALIBRATION
01 Gamma ray log
The gamma ray log measures the total natural gamma
radiation emanating from a formation.

It’s passive device

* passive logging are

1.Gamma ray log
2.Caliber log
3.Spontaneous Potential log

This gamma radiation originates from potassium-40 and the

isotopes of the Uranium-Radium and Thorium series.
The gamma ray log is commonly given the symbol GR.
02 Presentation
• Usually recorded in track one (1) with the caliper log, bit size and SP
log .
• API scale:Usually 0 to 150 API, alsocommon to see 0 to 100 API When the
welbore is open hole .
• when welbore is casing the value of API it’s decrease from the original
because the casing prevent the energy to resived by log .
03 Lithological responses to Gamma ray log

Gamma ray (GR) logs measure
the natural radioactivity in
formations and can be used for
identifying lithologies and for
correlating zone
Shale-free sandstones and
carbonates have low
concentrations of radioactive
material and give low gamma
ray readings.
As shale content increases, the
gamma ray log response
increases because of the
concentration of radioactive
material in shale
The principal gamma
ray responses are as
follows:
 GAMMA RAY LOG
05
APPLICATIONS

stratigraphic/ formation
01 shale content estimation 05 correlations

.Monitoring movement of injected

02 lithology identification
06 radioactive materials

estimation of bed boundaries perforating depth control… cased

03 &formation thickness 07 hole.

dentification of radioactive minerals such

04 a as potash , uranium& nonradioactive
mineral like coal
DETERMINATION OF
SHALE CONTENT

the gamma ray log values can be used to calculate shale volume Vsh of
the rock. This is important as a threshold value of shale volume is often
used to help discriminate between reservoir and non-reservoir
rock.Shale volume is calculated in the following way:
where:
IGR = the gamma ray index

GRlog = the gamma ray reading at the depth of interest

GRmin = the minimum gamma ray reading. (Usually the mean

minimum through a cleansandstone or carbonate formation.)

GRmax = the maximum gamma ray reading. (Usually the mean

maximum through a shale orclay formation.)
06 FACTOR AFFECTING GAMMA RAY LOG

2- Drilling fluid 4-Tool Position

3-Formation
1-Borehole size. density And relative to
Bulk density.
Type. borehole.

5-Drilling Fluid 6- Casing &

7-Tool pull speed 8- Mud cake
Composition Cementing
08 CALIBRATION
is calibrated using 4 sources of known composition, one
each containing only K, U, and Th, and one containing a
mixture. Each of the sources is placed next to the
detector and the tool is used to make a measurement.
The calibration is designed such that the calibrated
readings of the tool accurately report difference in the
amount of radiation from each of the radiation sources
THANK YOU