Introduction to Feed

Analysis
Classification of Nutrients
Feed
Water Dry matter
Inorganic matter Organic matter
Minerals Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Vitamins

Nutrients are released by digestion, then absorbed into body

fluids and are made available to cells organs and tissue.
Rationale?
• Animal nutrition is the science of feed preparation (formulation) and feeding to meet the needs of animals at
different phases of growth, or life stages.
• Therefore, nutritionists need to know the nutrient components of the feed or the raw materials used in ration
formulation. Nutrient analysis serves as a system
• to analyze the feed and the needs of the animal, enabling producers to optimize
• nutrient utilization in feed and helping researchers relate to animal performance,
• tackle issues of underperformance, and reduce food production costs.
Reasons for Nutrient Analyses in Feed
• Ration formulation and
• feeding
• Trouble shooting
• Economics
Cont..
Feed analysis provides information for:
• Farmers to optimize nutrient utilization in animal feeds;
• Feed compounders to prepare feed mixtures suitable for different
animal production systems;
• Researchers to relate animal performance to feed characteristic
• Plant breeders to optimize the nutritive value of new varieties.
 Proximate Analysis
• Proximate analyses are a combination of analytical procedures developed in 1865 by Wilhelm
Henneberg and Friedrich Stohmann at the Weende Experiment Station in Germany.
• They are based on the elimination of water from the feed (as shown later) and then the
determination of five proximate principles in the remaining dry matter (DM).
Cont.
• % NFE = 100 % – (% EE + % CP + % Ash + % CF)
Limitations
CP (Most oil seeds and wheat bran contain18.3%N)
CF
EE
Proximate analysis
Van Soest Analysis
• NDF
• ADF