Raymond Williams

Culture is ordinary
• Whole way of life
• Forms of signification
• How do they coexist?
• Local, national, global
• Country-shape of a culture and its modes of change
• Family-shaping of minds
• institutions, arts and learning
• Common meanings and directions
• Known meanings and directions vs. offered and tested new
observations and meaning
• Separation from ordinary people
• Working people are excluded from culture?
• Contemporary culture is not bourgeois culture
• Relationship between culture and production
• Education is restricted
• Culture cannot be prescribed
• Industrial revolution: service of life
• New power brought ugliness?
• Popular education:new commercial culture
• A way of seeing people as masses
• Popular culture:true guide to the feelings of its consumers?
• Bad culture will drive out good?
• Expanding culture
Popular
• Popularis-legal and political term, belonging to people
• Popular estate or popular government-political system carried on
by people/common
• 1697 definition-a courting the favor of the people by undue
practices
• Popular was being seen from the point of view of the people rather
than from those seeking favor or power from them.
• inferior kinds of work (cf. popular literature, popular press as
distinguished from quality press)
• work deliberately setting out to win favor (popular journalism as
distinguished from democratic journalism, or popular
entertainment)
• Populism: The sense of representing popular interests and values
• right-wing criticism of this, as in demagogy, which has moved from
'leading the people to 'crude and simplifying agitation
• left-wing criticism of rightist and fascist movements which exploit
'popular prejudices, or of leftist movements which subordinate
socialist ideas to popular (populist) assumptions and habits
• popular song and popular art
• Pop