Introduction to

Management
By
Muhammad Usman Kemal
General Manager (Pakistan)
Metropolitan School of Business and Management UK
Introduction to Management

PURPOSE OF THE IMPORTANCE OF

TRAINING? MANAGEMENT SKILLS
Understandin
g
Management
Definition and Importance of Management

DEFINE MANAGEMENT AND EXPLAIN ITS EXAMPLE: DISCUSS HOW EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT
SIGNIFICANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF ELECTRICITY CAN IMPROVE WORKFLOW AND REDUCE DOWNTIME
MAINTENANCE. IN ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE.
Common
Ground
Who Are Managers?
Manager
• Someone who coordinates and
oversees the work of other people
so that organizational goals can be
accomplished.
Classifying Managers
• First-line Managers
• Individuals who manage the work
of non-managerial employees.
• Middle Managers
• Individuals who manage the work
of first-line managers.
• Top Managers
• Individuals who are responsible for
making organization-wide decisions
and establishing plans and goals
that affect the entire organization.
Managerial Levels
 • Management involves
coordinating and overseeing the
work activities of others so that
their activities are completed
efficiently and effectively.
What Is
Management?
What Is Management?
• Managerial Concerns
• Efficiency
• “Doing things right”
• Getting the most output
for the least inputs
• Effectiveness
• “Doing the right things”
• Attaining organizational
goals
Key Functions of Management

The Four functions: Planning, Organizing, Examples specific to electricity

Leading, and Controlling (POLC). maintenance for each function
What Managers Do?
Functions Manager’s Perform
• Planning
• Defining goals, establishing strategies to achieve
goals, developing plans to integrate and
coordinate activities.
• Organizing
• Arranging and structuring work to accomplish
organizational goals.
• Leading
• Working with and through people to accomplish
goals.
• Controlling
• Monitoring, comparing, and correcting work.
Activity: "Function
Identification"
• Break participants into small
groups and ask them to identify
examples of each management
function within their own work
experiences.
Management Styles
Overview of
Management Styles

• Different management styles:

autocratic, democratic, laissez-
faire.
• Relate each style to scenarios in
electricity maintenance.
 Characteristics:

• Centralized decision-making: The manager makes decisions without

consulting the team.
• Limited employee input: Employees have little to no say in the decision-
making process.
• Clear hierarchy: The manager holds significant authority, and
communication flows predominantly from the top down.
• Quick decision-making: As decisions are made by a single person, they
can be implemented swiftly.
1. Autocratic Example:
Management • In an emergency situation or when quick decisions are essential, an
autocratic style may be effective. For instance, during a power outage, a
Style manager might need to make rapid decisions to address the issue.

Pros:

• Efficient decision-making.
• Clarity in roles and responsibilities.

Cons:

• Limited employee engagement.

• Potential for dissatisfaction among team members.
 • Characteristics:
• Participative decision-making: The manager involves
the team in decision-making processes.
• Collaboration and teamwork: Encourages open
communication and values input from all team
members.
• Shared responsibility: Team members feel a sense of
ownership and responsibility for decisions.
2. Democratic • Decentralized authority: Decision-making authority is
distributed among the team.

Management • Example:
• When implementing a new preventive maintenance

Style schedule, a democratic manager may gather input

from the maintenance team, including their
preferences and experiences, before finalizing the
plan.
• Pros:
• Increased employee satisfaction and motivation.
• Diverse perspectives lead to well-rounded decisions.
• Cons:
• Decision-making can be time-consuming.
• Challenges may arise if team members have
conflicting opinions.
 Characteristics:

• Hands-off approach: The manager provides minimal guidance and

allows the team to make decisions independently.
• High autonomy: Team members have a considerable degree of freedom
to determine how they approach tasks.
• Limited direct supervision: The manager trusts the team's ability to

3. Laissez- manage their workload.

Faire
Example:

• In a scenario where skilled and experienced maintenance technicians

Management are working on routine tasks, a laissez-faire approach might be

appropriate as it allows them to use their expertise and judgment.

Style Pros:

• Fosters creativity and innovation.

• Builds a sense of autonomy and responsibility among team members.

Cons:

• Lack of structure may lead to confusion.

• Requires a highly skilled and motivated team.
 The most effective management style depends on
various factors, including the nature of the task,
the skill level of the team, and the organizational
culture.

Choosing Managers often use a combination of styles,

the Right known as a situational or contingency approach,
adapting their leadership style to fit the specific
Style circumstances.

In the context of electricity maintenance, a

manager might employ different styles for routine
tasks versus emergency situations, ensuring
flexibility and adaptability in their approach.
Communication in
Management
Effective
Communication

• Emphasize the role of

communication in management.
• Provide examples of how
miscommunication can impact
electricity maintenance tasks.
Decision Making and Problem
Solving
Decision-Making
Process
1. Identify the Decision:
• Choose a new supplier for electrical components to
improve cost efficiency.
2. Gather Information:
• Collect data on potential suppliers, their pricing,
reliability, and product quality.
3. Define the Criteria:
• Criteria include cost-effectiveness, product quality,
delivery time, and reputation.
4. Generate Alternatives:
• Identify multiple suppliers that meet the criteria.
5. Evaluate Alternatives:
• Assess each supplier based on criteria, considering
pros and cons.
Decision-Making
Process (Cont.)
6. Make a Decision:
• Select the supplier that best meets the criteria and aligns
with the organization's goals.
7. Implement the Decision:
• Establish contracts, communicate with the chosen supplier,
and update relevant stakeholders.
8. Monitor and Evaluate:
• Track the performance of the new supplier in terms of cost
savings, product quality, and delivery.
9. Learn from the Decision:
• Analyze the effectiveness of the decision-making process
and make adjustments if needed.
10. Feedback Loop:
• Gather feedback from the procurement team and end-users
to refine the decision-making process for future supplier
selections.
Activity: "Decision-Making
Simulation"

• Present a brief simulation where participants

make decisions related to a maintenance issue,
followed by a discussion on their choices.
Closing and Q&A