│ 化工熱力學│ 導讀版

Introduction to Chemical
Engineering Thermodynamics
Seventh Edition

J. M. Smith, H. C. Van Ness, M. M. Abbott ◎ 著

楊肇政 ◎ 審閱

Chapter 4
Heat Effects
Copyright © the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
4.1 SENSIBLE HEAT EFFECTS 顯熱效應 P126
No phrase transition, no chemical reaction no changes in
composition causes the temperature of the system to change.
For homogeneous substance of constant composition, U is a
function of two state variables.

If at constant-volume process ideal gas or incompressible fluid

 If at constant-pressure process, ideal gas or at low pressure

For mechanical reversible constant-pressure closed system Q=△H or

for steady-flow exchanger 動能位能變化忽略且 Ws=0 則 Q=△H
4.1 SENSIBLE HEAT EFFECTS 顯熱效應 P127
Temperature Dependence of Heat Capacity

計算 real gas enthalpy change 一般分成兩個 step

1. 先假想成 ideal gas 用 ideal gas heat capacity 計算
2. 再做 real gas-ideal gas 之 residual properties 校正
4.1 SENSIBLE HEAT EFFECTS 顯熱效應 P128
4.1 SENSIBLE HEAT EFFECTS 顯熱效應 P129
4.1 SENSIBLE HEAT EFFECTS 顯熱效應 P129

An ideal gas is a gas whose molecules have no influence on one

another. This means that each gas in a mixture exists
independently of others.
4.1 SENSIBLE HEAT EFFECTS 顯熱效應 P130
4.1 SENSIBLE HEAT EFFECTS 顯熱效應 P131
4.1 SENSIBLE HEAT EFFECTS 顯熱效應 P132
4.2 LATENT HEATS OF PURE SUBSTANCES 純物質的潛熱 P133

Phrase change requires the transfer of a finite amount of heat to the

substance, the heat effects are called latent heats.
From the Clapyron equation
 4.2 LATENT HEATS OF PURE SUBSTANCES 純物質的潛熱 P134

Riedel proposed the latent heat of vaporization for pure substance at

its normal boiling temperature can be expressed as,

: unit bar,

Watson proposed the latent heat of vaporization of pure liquid at any

temperature.
4.2 LATENT HEATS OF PURE SUBSTANCES 純物質的潛熱 P134

Example4-4 Calculate the latent heat of vaporization of water at 573.15

K (H2O with Tn=373.15 K, Tc=647.1 K, Pc=220.55 bar)
4.3 STANDARD HEAT OF REACTION 標準反應熱 P135
4.4 STANDARD HEAT OF FORMATION 標準生成熱 P137
4.4 STANDARD HEAT OF FORMATION 標準生成熱 P138
4.4 STANDARD HEAT OF FORMATION 標準生成熱 P138
4.5 STANDARD HEAT OF COMBUSTION 標準燃燒熱 P139

由燃燒熱計算下列反應之反應熱
4.6 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF  H   H  的溫度相似度 P140
4.6 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF  H   H  的溫度相似度 P140

For standard reactions, products and reactants are always at 1 bar.

Standard-state enthalpies are functions of temperature only
4.6 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF  H   H  的溫度相似度 P141
4.6 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF  H   H  的溫度相似度 P142
4.7 HEAT EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL REACTIONS P143
工業反應的熱效果

+
4.7 HEAT EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL REACTIONS P144
工業反應的熱效果

+
4.7 HEAT EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL REACTIONS P145
工業反應的熱效果
4.7 HEAT EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL REACTIONS P146
工業反應的熱效果
4.7 HEAT EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL REACTIONS P147
工業反應的熱效果
Dry Fuel gas leave the chamber
4.7 HEAT EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL REACTIONS P148
工業反應的熱效果
+0.2 O2(g)
4.7 HEAT EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL REACTIONS P149
工業反應的熱效果
4.7 HEAT EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL REACTIONS P149
工業反應的熱效果