GRAMMAR 5

OBJECTIVES: COMPLEX SENTENCES (PART 2)

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF REASONS (BECAUSE)

The environment has not been improved much because most people do not take action to
protect it.
• Because S + V, S + V
• S + V because S + V
Similar words: since and as
The environment has not been improved much as most people do not take action to protect
it.
The environment has not been improved much since most people do not take action to
protect it.
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF REASONS (BECAUSE
OF)
Because of poor marketing strategies, the company went bankrupt.
• S + V because of + N/NP/ V-ing
• Because of + N/NP/ V-ing, S + V
Similar words: due to and owning to
The company went bankrupt due to poor marketing strategies.
The company went bankrupt owning to poor marketing strategies.
 1. ............................ being an excellent football player, he
has become famous worldwide.
2. I am very worried and stressed ............................
having failed many times.
3. ............................ his sweet and warm voice, he
PRACTICE becomes a successful singer very quickly.

Fill in the blanks with 4. ............................ doing yoga is not only difficult but
because or because of also complicated, this sport is not suitable for an
impatient person like me.
Example:
5. I want my father to reward me a trip to my favourite
I have won the
city ............................ my excellent result at school.
prize ............................ I have
tried my best in this 6. I can’t help laughing ............................ these comics
competition. are interesting and funny.
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF PURPOSES (SO THAT)

The government has implemented new environmental laws so that the environment would
not be damaged anymore.
• S + V + so that + S + modal verb (can/could/may/might) + V
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF PURPOSE (IN ORDER
TO)
Construction Negative
I have tried a lot in order to win a I have tried a lot in order not to fail the
scholarship to that university. final exam.
• S + V + in order to + V • In order not to + V
In order to win a scholarship to that With Object
university, I have tried a lot.
She showed me the way in order for me not
• In order to + V, S + V to get lost.
Similar word: so as to/to • S + V + in order for O (not) to + V

PRACTICE
Translate the given sentences
to English using the 2
methods you have learned (so
that + in order to)
EXAMPLE
Để cải thiện sức khoẻ, tôi tập thể dục mỗi ngày.
So that
• I exercise everyday so that I can improve my health.
• I exercise everyday so that my health can be improved.
In order to
• In order to improve my health, i exercise every day.
 1. Để không trượt bài kiểm tra, tôi không ngừng học hành chăm chỉ
PRACTICE 2. Anh ta hay tặng quà mọi người để họ cảm thấy vui vẻ.

Translate the given sentences 3. Tôi không ngừng học hành chăm chỉ để bố mẹ sẽ tự hào về tôi.
to English using the 2 4. Mọi người đeo khẩu trang để tránh hít chất gây ô nhiễm trong
methods you have learned (so không khí.
that + in order to)
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