SOLVES PROBLEMS

ON
PERMUTATIONS
AND COMBINATION
WARM UP – FIND THE MEAN
AND THE STANDARD
DEVIATION.
WARM UP – FIND THE MEAN
AND STANDARD DEVIATION
 OBJECTIVE
•Find Sample Space
using Permutations
and Combinations
 RELEVANCE
• Learn various methods of finding
out how many possible outcomes
of a probability experiment are
possible.
• Use this information to find
probability.
 DEFINITION……

• Permutation – an arrangement of objects in a specific order.

Order Matters!
 EXAMPLE……

• How many ways can you arrange 3 • Answer:

people for a picture?

• Note: You are using all 3 people

3  2 1  6
 FACTORIAL……

• This is the same as using a • Using the previous example:

factorial:

n! n(n  1)(n  2).....1

3! 3(3  1)(3  2)

3! 3  2 1  6
 EXAMPLE……
• Suppose a business owner
has a choice of 5 locations
in which to establish her • Answer:
business. She decides to
5! 5  4  3  2 1  120
rank them from best to
least according to certain
criteria. How many
different ways can she • Note: She ranked ALL 5
rank them? locations.
• What if she only • Answer:

wanted to rank the top

5  4  3  60
3?

• This is no longer a
factorial problem because
you don’t rank ALL of
them.
 PERMUTATION RULE……

n! where n = total # of
n Pr  objects and r = how
(n  r )! many you need.

“n objects taken r at a
time”
• Remember the business • This is a
woman who only permutation:
wanted to rank the top 3
out of 5 places?

5! 5! 120
5 P3     60
5  4  3  60 (5  3)! 2! 2
 EXAMPLE……

• A TV news director wishes to • Answer:

use 3 news stories on the

evening news. She wants the
top 3 news stories out of 8 8 P3  336
possible. How many ways can
the program be set up?
 EXAMPLE……

• Answer:
• How many ways can a
chairperson and an assistant
7 P2  42
be selected for a project if
there are 7 scientists
available?
EXAMPLE……

• How many different ways • Answer:

can I arrange 3 box cars
selected from 8 to make a
train?

8 P3  336
 EXAMPLE……

• Answer:
• How many ways can 4
books be arranged on a
shelf if they can be
9 P4  3024
selected from 9 books?
A FACTORIAL IS ALSO A
PERMUTATION……
• How many ways can 4 • You can do 4! or you can
books be arranged on a set it up as a permutation.
shelf?

Answer:

4 P4  24
 EXAMPLE……

• Find the permutations of the word Mississippi.• Answer:

• Number of Letters
11!
• 11 – Total Letters  34650
• 1–M (1!4!4!2!)
• 4–I
• 4–S
• You can eliminate the 1!’s because
• 2-P they are equal to 1.
NOTE……

• 0! = 1
and
1! = 1
 • Answer:
• How many
permutations of the 4!
 12
word seem can be 2!
made?
 THIS LEADS TO ANOTHER
PERMUTATION RULE WHEN
SOME THINGS REPEAT……

n!
n Pr 
k1! k 2 ! k3!...k p !
• It reads: the # of permutations of n objects
in which k1 are alike, k2 are alike, etc.
 IT’S YOUR TURN

• Example: How many permutations of the word

seem can be made?
 COMBINATIO
1. In an essayNtest, there 5 questions given
where you can choose only 3 of them to
answer. How many ways can you select
questions to answer?
5!
3=
5
5 − 3 ! 3!
5!
5 3=
2! 3!
5
3 = 10
There are 10 ways.
 COMBINATION
2. In a limited party, there are 8
persons present. If each of them
shake hands exactly with one another,
how many handshakes are there?
8!
8 2=
8−2!
2!
8 8! 2 = 28
2=
8 6! 2!
There are 28 handshakes.
 COMBINATIO
2. How many N groups composed of 4 persons
each can be formed from 7 students?
!
=
− ! !
7!
7 4=
7 − 4 ! 4!
7!
7 4=
3! 4!
7 4 =35
There are 35 groups.
 Other Problems Involving Combinations
4. From 7 Math books and 6 Science
books, in how many ways can you
select 8 books if the number of Math
books to be bought is equal to the
number of Science books?

7 4∙ 6 4
35 ∙ 15
525 ways
 Applications of Combinations
6. Using points on a plane to form

. .
a

. .
polygon (no three points are
collinear)
R
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NQ
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M P . S
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