ACTIVITIES:1

Aim: To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs,

three (on/ off) switches a fuse and a power source.

 Apparatus: Three blubs (6 V, 1 W) each, fuse of 0.6A,

main switch a power supply (battery eliminator), three (on/off)
switches flexible connecting wire with red and black plastic
covering, a fuse wire.

 Theory: Electricity supplied to us for domestic purposes is

220 A.C. and 50 Hz. The household circuit, all appliances are
connected in 8parallel9 with mains. The switches are
connected in series with each appliances in live wire.5A
switches are required for heavy load appliances like refrigerator,
air conditioner, geyser, hot plates etc. All appliances must have
three wires called live, neutral and the earth. Total power
consumption 8P9 at a time
P = P1 + P2 +P3 +………………
Where P1, P2 , P3 are the powers drawn by appliances.
To protect the appliances from damage when unduly high
currents are drawn fuse of little higher rating, 10 to 20 higher
than the current normally drawn by all appliances. For further
safety, a suitable value MAINS FUSE like rating 32A is
connected in series and supply source.
• Procedure:
• 1. Connect the components as per the Wheatstone bridge circuit: battery, galvanometer, jockey, and a one-ohm standard resistor in series.
• 2. Attach the meter bridge wire in parallel with the galvanometer, and connect the unknown resistor in one gap and the known resistor in the
opposite gap.
• 3. Adjust the jockey along the meter bridge wire to find the null point (zero deflection) on the galvanometer.
• 4. Record the lengths L1 and L2 on either side of the null point.
• 5. Calculate the unknown resistance (R2) using the formula \( R1/R2 = L1/L2 \).
• 6. Repeat the experiment for series combination by connecting R2 in series with R1 and calculate the equivalent resistance (( R_eq = R1 +
R2 )).
• 7. Repeat for parallel combination by connecting R2 in parallel with R1 and calculate the equivalent resistance ( 1/R_eq = 1/R1 + 1/R2 )

• .8. Compare the experimental results with the theoretical predictions .

Conclusion: Creating this circuit helps understand the concept of a series circuit where the current flows through one
path. It also demonstrates the functionality of switches in controlling the flow of electricity to individual components
(bulbs, in this case).
The fuse acts as a safety measure, breaking the circuit if there's an excessive flow of current. Overall, it's a simple but
effective setup to grasp the basics of a household electrical circuit.
Precaution:
1.Ensure all wires are properly insulated and free from damage or wear.
2.Using electrical tape or wire nuts to cover exposed wires helps prevent accidental contact and potential hazards.
 ACTIVITY :2
• AIM: To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.
• MATERIAL REQUIRED: Resistor, ammeter, (0-1.5A) voltmeter (0-5V ), battery, one way key, rheostat,
sand paper, connecting wires.
• PROCEDURE:
• 1. Connect the components as shown in Figure.
• 2. After closing the key K, check that the voltmeter and ammeter show deflections on the right hand side.
• 3. Check the continuity of the assembled circuit using a multimeter .
• RESULT: The components of the electrical circuit were assembled
• PRECAUTIONS:
• 1. The positive terminal of the battery should be connected to the positive terminal of ammeter and positive terminal
of the voltmeter.
• 2. The ammeter should be connected in series with the resistor and the voltmeter should be connected in parallel with
the resistor.
• 3. Sand paper should be used to clean the ends of connecting wires and leads of the component terminals.
• Grease/oil or oxide on their surfaces is insulating in nature and needs to be removed. However, do not clean the plugs
and keys with sand paper. Excessive use of sand paper in such a case will make the plug unfit to be used with the key.
 Activity :3
Aim :
To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat,
key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order
and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.
• Apparatus and material :
A battery eliminator or a battery (0 to 6 V), rheostat, resistance box (0 to 100 £2), two or one way key. D.C.
ammeter (0-3) A and a D.C. voltmeter (0-3) V.
• Theory:
An open circuit is the combination of primary components of electric circuit in a such a manner that on
closing the circuit no current is drawn from the battery.
Procedure
Ammeter: It should be connected in series, with the battery eliminator.
Voltmeter: It should be connected in parallel to the resistor.
Rheostat: It should be connected in series (in place of resistance coil) with the battery eliminator.
Resistance coil: It should be connected in parallel (in place of rheostat).
One way key: It should be connected in series to the battery eliminator.