FUNCTIONAL SAFETY

STANDARD IN AUTOMOTIVE
AND RAILWAY
Functional safety
The goal of functional safety is to use functions to reduce the risk of equipment causing harm to

people, damage to property or society due to malfunction or incorrect operation.

Functional safety standard

Functional safety is part of the overall safety of a system or piece of equipment that depends

on automatic protection. This automatic protection system needs to respond correctly to its

inputs. And it should have predictable responses to failure.

ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

It is an independent, non-governmental organization that develops standards to ensure the

quality, safety and efficiency of products, services and systems.

Standard used in automotive

ISO26262
• It collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). ISO 26262

specifications were officially released in 2011 as an adaptation of IEC 61508, the generic functional

safety standard for E/E systems.

• It is an international functional safety standard for the development of electrical and electronic

systems in road vehicles. It defines guidelines to minimize the risk of accidents and ensure that

automotive components perform their intended functions correctly and at the right time.
Working of ISO26262
•Planning. the safety requirements for the system are defined, and a safety plan is developed.

•Analysis. the system is analyzed to identify hazards and potential failure modes.

•Design and Implementation. the system is designed and implemented to meet the safety requirements defined in the

planning phase and to eliminate or mitigate the hazards identified in the analysis phase.

•Verification. the system is tested to ensure that it meets the safety requirements and that any hazards have been

eliminated or mitigated.

•Validation. the system is tested in its intended environment to ensure that it behaves as expected.

•Production, Operation and Decommissioning. the safety requirements are maintained and the system is

decommissioned.
ASIL
ASIL refers to Automotive Safety Integrity Level. It is a risk classification system defined by the ISO 26262

standard for the functional safety of road vehicles.

ASILs are established by performing hazard analysis and risk assessment. For each electronic component

in a vehicle, engineers measure three specific variables.

•Severity (the type of injuries to the driver and passengers)

•Exposure (how often the vehicle is exposed to the hazard)

•Controllability (how much the driver can do to prevent the injury)

Exposure Controllability Severity ASIL
E0 to E4 C0 to C3 S0 to S3 A to D
Standard used in railway
EN5012X
EN 5012X series of functional safety standards (or the equivalent IEC standards)

are designed to ensure that safety risks due to hazards caused by malfunctioning

behavior of systems are reduced to an acceptable level.

•EN 50126 (IEC 62278) – Specification and demonstration of Reliability,

Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS).

•EN 50128 (IEC 62279) – Software for railway control and protection systems.

•EN 50129 (IEC 62425) – Safety related electronic systems for signalling.
EN 50126 (IEC 62278)
Railway application
• reliability,
• availability,
• maintainability and
• Safety
 It is a specialist discipline that focuses on delivering a perfect equilibrium between safety,
performance and cost management in an engineering system.
 RAMS plays an important role in the design of Railway systems including Metro rails.
Punctuality is an important factor in a Metro rail project, and it depends mainly on the RAM
factor. At the same time, Safety needs to be ensured in all aspects of the project
EN 50128 (IEC 62279)
Railway application
• Communication,
• signalling and
• processing systems
Software for railway control and protection systems
 EN 50128 focuses specifically on software systems and their environment.
 It specifies procedures and technical requirements for the development of safety related
programmable electronic systems for use in railway control and protection applications.
EN 50129 (IEC 62425)
Railway application
• Communication,
• signalling and
• processing systems
Safety related electronic systems for signalling.
 EN 50129 is relevant to software systems, but not specifically focused upon them.
 EN 50129 specifies the lifecycle activities which are to be completed before the acceptance
stage, and the activities to be carried out after it.
 It is primarily concerned with the evidence to be presented for the acceptance of safety-
related systems.