What is ISO-26262

?
 ISO 26262 is a functional safety standard used in the automotive industry. It’s
titled “Road vehicles — functional safety”.
 It applies to electric and/or electronic systems in production vehicles. This
includes driver assistance, propulsion, and vehicle dynamics control systems.
 It was derived from IEC 61508. IEC 61508 is an international functional safety
standard. It’s titled “Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/Programmable
Electronic Safety-related Systems (E/E/PE, or E/E/PES)”. IEC 61508 covers safety-
related systems that incorporate electrical / electronic / programmable electronic
devices.
 ISO 26262 standard covers functional safety aspects of the entire development
process: Design, Implementation, integration, Verification,Validation and
Configuration
Why Is Functional Safety
Important?
• Functional safety is important because lives and reputations are at stake.
• Software is increasingly used in safety-critical product development —
such as automobiles, planes, and medical devices. And that software
needs to be safe, secure, and reliable. That’s why there are safety
standards designed for embedded systems developers in several
industries.
• These standards aim to eliminate risk. This risk might be physical injury or
damage to overall health of people. You’ll need a safety function to
mitigate each risk. And you can achieve this by using a safety-related
system, made up of different safety functions.
What Are Functional Safety
Standards?
• IEC 61508 — The Umbrella Standard: IEC 61508 is the umbrella safety standard. It covers electric,
electronic, and programmable electronic safety-related systems.
• ISO 26262 — Automotive: ISO 26262 is the safety standard for the automotive industry. It covers electric
and electronic systems in production vehicles.
• EN 50128 — Railway: EN 50128 is a safety standard used in the rail industry. It covers electric and
electronic equipment for railway control and protection applications.
• IEC 62304 — Medical Device
• IEC 62304 -is a safety standard used in the medical device industry. It covers software lifecycle processes.
• IEC 62061 — Machinery
• IEC 62061 is a safety standard used in the machinery industry. It covers electric, electronic, and
programmable electronic control systems.
• IEC 60880 — Nuclear
• IEC 60880 is a safety standard used in nuclear power plants. It covers software that performs safety
functions.
Parts of ISO 26262

• There are 10 parts to the standard:

• Part 1: Vocabulary.
• Part 2: Management of functional safety.
• Part 3: Concept phase.
• Part 4: Product development at the system level.
• Part 5: Product development at the hardware level.
• Part 6: Product development at the software level.
• Part 7: Production and operation.
• Part 8: Supporting processes.
• Part 9: ASIL-oriented and safety-oriented analysis.
• Part 10: Guideline on the safety standard.
Automotive Safety Integrity Level
(ASIL)
• Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) is a key component of the safety
standard. ASIL is used to measure risk of a specific system component. The
more complex the system, the greater the risk of systematic failures and
random hardware failures.
• There are four ASIL values, named A–D. ASIL A is the minimum level of risk.
And ASIL D is the maximum. So, ASIL D has stricter compliance requirements
than ASIL A.
• When determining ASILs, there’s also a fifth option — QM (quality
management). This is used to note that there isn’t a safety requirement for
that component. (But it’s typically still a good idea to comply in order to
improve product quality.)
Electrical Injury
• Electrical injury is damage caused by generated electrical current
passing through the body. Symptoms range from skin burns, damage
to internal organs and other soft tissues to cardiac arrhythmias and
respiratory arrest. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical criteria, and
selective laboratory testing. Treatment is supportive, with aggressive
care for severe injuries.
Let-go threshold
• The "Let Go" Threshold is
the current level where
we lose control of our
muscles and the
electricity causes muscles
to contract until the
current is removed.
Quantitative Effects of Electric
Current on ‘Man’

Note: Ventricular fibrillation is  a  heart  rhythm  problem  that  occurs  when  the  heart  beats  with 
rapid,  erratic  electrical  impulses.  This  causes  pumping  chambers  in  your  heart  (the  ventricles)  to 
quiver uselessly, instead of pumping blood