Self-Assessment Test

1. In a measuring system quantity under measurement is termed

as ________________
a) Measurand
b) Controllers
c) Sensors
d) Indicators

2. In a measurement, what is the term used to specify the

closeness of two or more measurements?
a) Precision
b) Accuracy
c) Fidelity
d) Threshold

3. Accuracy and Precision are dependent on each other.

a) True
b) False

4. During a measurement, for a measure value “B”, absolute error is

obtained as “A”, what will be the relative error of measurement?
a) A/B
b) B/A
c) (A+1)/B
d) (B+A)/A

5. In a measuring system what is the term used to specify a

difference between higher and lower calibration values?
a) Range
b) Span
c) Drift
d) Threshold

6. Using a voltmeter measured value is 24.3V, while its true value is

24V. What is the relative error of measurement?
a) 1.25%
b) 1.2%
c) 1.3%
d) 1.4%

7. ______________ is used to prevent oscillation in moving system.

a) Oscillatory system
b) Controlling
c) Damping system
d) Deflecting

8. What is the span of an ammeter with range -30 to +30A?

a) 60
b) -60
c) 30
d) 20

09. Given a DC voltmeter has a sensitivity of 500ohm/V. For a full

scale reading in 100V range, what will be the current through
voltmeter?
a) 500mA
b) 200mA
c) 250mA
d) 300mA

10 Using an instrument for measuring capacitance gives

an output 203.5nF whereas true value is 203.9nF. What will
be the static correction of the instrument?
a) -0.4nF
b) 0.4nF
c) 1nF
d) 0.5nF

11. Closeness of measured value to true value is

_________________
a) Accuracy
b) Precision
c) Correction
d) Uncertainty

12. _______________ of a measuring system refers to its ability to

follow instant by instant the measurand with time.
a) Bandwidth
b) Fidelity
c) Measurement lag
d) Settling time

13. For a measuring system, dynamic sensitivity is required to be

________ of static sensitivity.
a) ±2%
b) ±5%
c) ±10%
d) ±20%

14. What is the span of an instrument, operating under a bias which

read a value from 230V to 450V only?
a) 450
b) 220
c) 230
d) 400

15. Given input out characteristic of a typical system, name the

region marked as ‘a’.

a) Dead zone
b) Range
c) Drift region
d) Threshold

16. What will be the ratio of amplitudes of largest (maximum)

signal to smallest (minimum) signal to which the system is
subjected?
a) Time constant
b) Settling period
c) Dynamic range
d) Bandwidth

17. For a Measurement, indicated value is 225V while true value if

226V. What will be the static error of an instrument?
a) 1V
b) -1V
c) 0.5V
d) -0.5V

18. What is the relation between static error and static correction?
a) Static error is negative of static correction
b) Both are equal
c) No relation
d) Both will be always positive

19. What is the term used to express the ability of a measuring

system to maintain its standard performance?
a) Zero stability
b) Stability
c) Sensitivity
d) Linearity
20. What is ‘live zero’?
a) Output zero for zero input
b) Output non zero for zero input
c) Output null for all input
d) Output unpredictable

21. Which of the following is caused by careless handling?

a) Systematic error
b) Gross error
c) Random error
d) None of the mentioned

22. ‘A system will be error free if we remove all systematic error’.

a) True
b) False
23. Which of the following is not a fundamental quantity?
a) Length
b) Angle
c) Time
d) Luminous intensity

24. Which standard is fixed and used for industrial laboratories?

a) International standard
b) Primary standard
c) Secondary standard
d) Working standard

25. Which of the following error is caused by poor calibration of the

instrument?
a) Random error
b) Gross error
c) Systematic error
d) Precision error

.
26. How systematic errors are eliminated?
a) Frequent measurement
b) Replacement of instrument
c) Finding mean of reading
d) Finding variance of reading

27. Starting position of an object is represented as x=5.1±0.2m and

finishing position as y=6.9±0.3m. What will be the displacement
and error in displacement?
a) Displacement = 1m, Error = 0.5m
b) Displacement = 2m, Error = 0.36m
c) Displacement = 1.8m, Error = 0.36m
d) Displacement = 1.5m, Error = 0.4m

1. Answer: a
Explanation: Measurand is the value under consideration in a measuring system. For
example, while measuring signal voltage, voltage is the measurand.
2. Answer: a
Explanation: Closeness of two or more measurements is termed as precision. For example,
if two measurements gives 3.1kg as output, then the measurement is said to be more
precise.
3. Answer: b
Explanation: Accuracy is the closeness of a measured value with a standard value.
 Precision is the closeness of two or more measured values. Hence they are not dependent
with each other.
4. Answer: a
Explanation: Ratio of absolute error to measured value is called relative error. i.e.
Relative error = (Absolute error) / (Measured value).
5. Answer: b
Explanation: Span is the difference between higher and lower calibration values. For an
instrument with a range 100 units to 250 units span are 150 units.
6. Answer: a
Explanation: Relative error = ((measured value-true value)/true value)*100%
Given measured value is 24.3V and true value is 24V, using given equation relative error is
obtained.
7. Answer: c
Explanation: Damping system acts on the damping force. Damping force is necessary in
case of moving systems to bring the pointer to rest quickly.
8. Answer: a
Explanation: Span of a system is the difference between higher and lower calibrated
values. Here span=30-(-30) = 60.
9. Answer: b
Explanation: Full scale reading in 100V range means 100V itself. For a sensitivity of
500ohm/V current through it will be the ratio of scale reading and sensitivity. ie,
0.2A=200mA.
10. Answer: b
Explanation: Static correction can be defined as a difference between the true
value and measured value from an instrument.
11. A
12. Answer: b
Explanation: Fidelity of a measuring system or transducer refers to its ability to follow
instant by instant the variations of measurand with time.
13. Answer: a
Explanation: For a measuring system, tolerated variation of dynamic sensitivity is only ±2%
of static sensitivity. That is dynamic sensitivity should be minimum.
14. Answer: b
Explanation: Span of an instrument is the difference between upper and lower calibrated
values. Hence, span in this case is 450 – 230 = 220.
15. Answer: a
Explanation: Dead zone is the region in which output starts responding to input. It is
marked as region a, below which there is no output for input.
16. Answer: c
Explanation: Ratio of amplitude of a large signal to small signal is termed as a dynamic
range of the system.
17. Answer: b
Explanation: Static error is the difference between a measured value and true value of a
measurement. Here measured value is 225V while true value is 226V.
18. Answer: a
Explanation: From the definition of static correction and static error, it is clear they both
are negative to each other.
Static correction = (true value – indicated value) = – (static error).
19. Answer: b
Explanation: Stability of a system is defined as the ability to maintain its standard
performance over prolonged time. Transducers and systems with high stability need not
be calibrated.
20. Answer: b
Explanation: Live zero is a term used to describe a system in which output has a nonzero
value for zero input.
21. Answer: b
Explanation: Gross errors are mostly due to lack of knowledge, judgment and care on the
part of the experiment. That is Gross error is caused by careless handling.
22. Answer: b
Explanation: Random errors will remain in a system even if we remove all systematic
errors. Random errors are also known as residual errors.
23. Answer: b
Explanation: Derived units are those expressed in terms of fundamental units. Primary or
fundamental units cannot be expressed in terms of other units.
24. Answer: c
Explanation: Secondary standards are fixed and used in industrial laboratories. Working
standards as its name suggests is used for day to day measurements. International
standards are accepted internationally and primary standards are used in different parts of
world which will not be accessible outside for calibration.
25. Answer: c
Explanation: Systematic errors are caused by poor calibration of instruments
26. Answer: b
Explanation: The possible way of eliminating systematic error is the replacement of
instruments. Systematic errors are caused by poor instrument calibration.
27. Answer: c
Explanation: Displacement between two positions represented as x±Δx and y±Δy is Iy-xI
and error in displacement is (Δx2 +Δy2)1/2.
1. What is a current transformer?
a) transformer used with an A.C. ammeter
b) transformer used with an D.C. ammeter
c) transformer used with an A.C. voltmeter
d) transformer used with an D.C. voltmeter
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A transformer used to extend the range of an
A.C. ammeter is known as a current transformer. A current
transformer is also abbreviated as C.T.
2. What is a potential transformer?
a) transformer used with an D.C. ammeter
b) transformer used with an A.C. voltmeter
c) transformer used with an D.C. ammeter
d) transformer used with an A.C. voltmeter
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A transformer used to extend the range of an
A.C. voltmeter is known as a potential transformer. A
potential transformer is also abbreviated as P.T.
3. C.T. and P.T. are used for _________
a) measuring low current and voltages
b) measuring very low current and voltages
c) measuring high currentsand voltages
d) measuring intermediate currents and voltages
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: C.T. is basically used for the measurement of
high currents. A P.T. is usually used for the measurement of
high voltages. They are used with A.C. ammeters and
voltmeters in order to extend their range.
4. The primary winding of a C.T. has _________
a) a larger number of turns
b) no turns at all
c) intermediate number of turns
d) a few turns
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The primary winding of a C.T. has a very few
number of turns. It is connected in series with the load
circuit through which the primary current flows.
5. The secondary winding of a C.T. has _________
a) a large number of turns
b) a few turns
c) no turns at all
d) intermediate number of turns
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Secondary winding of a C.T. has a large number
of turns. It is connected in series to an ammeter through
which a small portion of the current flows through.
6. Turns ration for a C.T. is _________
a) n = Np ⁄ Ns
b) n = Ns ⁄ Np
c) n = 1 ⁄ Np
d) n = Ns
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The turns ratio for a C.T. is defined as the ratio
of the number of turns in the secondary to the number of
turns in the primary. It is given by the relation
n = Ns⁄Np
7. The primary winding of a P.T. has _________
a) intermediate number of turns
b) no turns at all
c) a larger number of turns
d) a few turns
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The primary winding of a P.T. has a very large
number of turns. It is connected in parallel with the load
whose voltage is to be measured.

8. The secondary winding of a P.T. has _________

a) a large number of turns
b) intermediate number of turns
c) no turns at all
d) a few turns
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Secondary winding of a P.T. has a few number
of turns. A low range voltmeter is connected in parallel with
the secondary winding.
9. Turns ration for a C.T. is _________
a) n = Np ⁄ Ns
b) n = Ns ⁄ Np
c) n = 1 ⁄ Np
d) n = Ns
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The turns ratio for a P.T. is defined as the ratio
of the number of turns in the primary to the number of
turns in the secondary. It is given by the relation
n = Np⁄Ns.

1. Errors are introduced in Current Transformers.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A current transformer is used for the
measurement of very high currents. The use of a C.T. leads
to the introduction of two errors in power measurement.
2. Ratio error is defined as
a) Ratio error = Kn⁄R
b) Ratio error = Kn – R⁄R
c) Ratio error = Kn – R
d) Ratio error = 1⁄R
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Ratio error of a C.T. is defined as the ratio of
the magnitude of the difference between the nominal and
actual ratio with respect to the actual ratio.

3. Phase angle in a C.T. is defined as

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: During power measurement, there exists
phase angle error in a C.T. The phase angle is defined as

where. Im is the magnetising component of the excitation

current
Ic is the core loss component of the excitation current
Is is the secondary winding current.
4. Phase angle error is given by

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The power measurement in a C.T. leads to
phase angle error. Phase angle error is given by the relation

where, θ is the phase angle error

Im is the magnetising component of the excitation current
Is is the secondary winding current.
5. Ratio error is due to _________
a) iron loss
b) C.T.
c) magnetising component
d) supply voltage
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We know that the ratio error in a C.T. is given
by the relation
Ratio error = Kn – R⁄R = n + Ie⁄Is
where, Ie is the iron loss component of the excitation
current
n is the turns ratio.
6. Phase angle error is due to _________
a) C.T.
b) magnetising component
c) iron loss
d) supply voltage
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: We know that the phase angle error in a C.T. is
given by the relation

where, θ is the phase angle error

Im is the magnetising component of the excitation current
Is is the secondary winding current
It is observed from the equation for the phase angle error
that it depends on the magnetising component of the
excitation current.
7. In power measurements 180° phase shift is required.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For eliminating errors in power measurement,
there must be a phase difference of 180° between the
primary and the secondary currents.
A moving iron instrument can be used for

   A.D.C. only
   B.A.C. only
   C.Both A.C and D.C.

✔ View Answer
C.Both A.C and D.C.

32. A moving iron type ammeter has far turns of thick wire
so that
   A.Sensitivity is high
   B.Damping is effective
   C.Scale is large
   D.Resistance is less

✔ View Answer
D.Resistance is less
33. Moving iron instruments are rarely used in low power
high resistance circuits because of
   A.High resistance of the coil
   B.Low reluctance of magnetic path
   C.High reluctance of magnetic path
   D.None of the above

✔ View Answer

C.High reluctance of magnetic path

34. Which of the following is the merit of a moving iron

instrument
   A.It can be used under severe over-load conditions
   B.It has linear scale
   C.It can be used at high frequencies
   D.Its current sensitivity is high

✔ View Answer
A.It can be used under severe over-load conditions
35. ............ damping method is common in moving coil
instruments
   A.Eddy current
   B.Fluid
   C.Spring
   D.Air

✔ View Answer
A.Eddy current
1.The term artificial aging in instrument is associated with
a. Springs
b. Permanent Magnets
c. Controlling Torques
d. Damping
Answer
B

2.The Moving iron and PMMC instruments can be

distinguished from each other by looking at
a. Pointer
b. Terminal size
c. Scale
d. scale range
Answer
C
3.The disadvantage of a PMMC is
a. High power consumption
b. high cost relative to moving iron instruments
c. low torque to weight ratio
d. absence of effective and efficient eddy current damping
Answer
B

4. The moving coil meter has 100 turns, and length and
depthh of 10mm and 20mm respectively. It is a uniform
radial flux density of 200mT. The coil carries current of
50mA. The torque on the coil is
a. 200 Micro Nm
b. 100 Micro Nm
c. 2 Micro Nm
d. 1 Micro Nm
Answer

5. A sinusoidal voltage of 1 Vrms value at 10 Hz is applied

across the two terminals of a PMMC type of Voltmeter.
What is the deflection of the pointer?
a. 0 V
b. 1 V
c. sq root 2
d. The pointer will oscillates around 0 V
Answer
d
6. A PMMC instrument will read
a. Average value
b. RMS Value
c. Both
d. None
Answer
A

7. A PMMC instrument will read for the input i= 2+4sin314t

A
a. 2 A
b. 3.46 A
c. 4 A
d. 2.83 A
Answer
A

8. A scale of PMMC instrument is

a. Linear
b. Non linear
c. Bi directional
d. logarithm
Answer
A

9. In a PMMC instrument the controlling torque is provided

by
a. Gravity
b. spring
c. Cylindrical Core
d. No tc
Answer

10. In a PMMC instrument eddy current damping is

provided by
a. Spring
b. Permanent Magnets
c. Aluminium Base
d. Cylindrical Core
Answer
C

11. In a PMMC instrument the permanent Magnets are

made up of
a. Nickle
b. cobalt
c. ALNICO
d. Steel
Answer

12. the instrument in which frequency error is absent

a. MC
b. MI
c. Induction instruments
d. Dynamometer type
Answer
A
6. A dynamometer type wattmeter consists of ________
a) only potential coil
b) potential and current coils
c) only current coil
d) no coils
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Dynamometer type wattmeter is used for the
measurement of A.C. as well as D.C. power. It consists of a
fixed coil forming the current coil whereas the moving coil
forms the potential coil.
7. Controlling torque is provided by gold springs.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. In a Dynamometer type wattmeter, the fixed coil is split
into ________
a) 4
b) 3
c) 2
d) 1
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: When a Dynamometer type wattmeter is used
for the measurement of A.C. power, the fixed coil is split
into two equal parts. The two parts are air-cored to avoid
hysteresis loss.
9. When a current carrying coil is placed in the magnetic
field.
a) no force is exerted
b) voltage is produced
c) power is generated
d) a force is exerted
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: When the current carrying coil of a
Dynamometer type wattmeter is placed in the magnetic
field of another current carrying coil, the moving coil
experiences a force. As a result a deflection torque is
generated and the moving coil undergoes deflection.
10. When the moving coil in a Dynamometer type
wattmeter deflects
a) pointer moves
b) pointer doesn’t move
c) current flows
d) voltage is generated
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a Dynamometer type wattmeter, when the
moving coil deflects the pointer moves over the scale. The
pointer then comes back to rest at a point where the
deflecting torque equals the controlling torque.
1. The B/H characteristics can be determined using _______
a) Ammeter
b) Fluxmeter
c) Voltmeter
d) Multimeter
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The fluxmeter is an electronic display
instrument used to measure the magnetic flux of
permanent magnets hence it can be used to determine B/H
characteristics.
2. The B/H curve can be used to determine?
a) Iron loss
b) Hysteresis loss
c) Voltage loss
d) Eddy current loss
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Hysteresis loss is basically a heat loss due to
the reversal of magnetisation of the transformer core
whenever it is subjected to a changing magnetic field. It can
be determined using the B/H curve.
3. The B/H ratio is not constant for ________
a) Diamagnetic materials
b) Ferromagnetic materials
c) Paramagnetic materials
d) Non-magnetic materials
View Answer
4. When using a fluxmeter, if the flux changes from Φ to -Φ,
what happens to the current?
a) Becomes zero
b) Becomes infinity
c) Remains the same
d) Reverses
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: When the flux changes from Φ to -Φ, the
current direction will change as the direction of flux is
changing.

. Electric flux density is a function of_______

a) Volume
b) Charge
c) Current
d) Voltage
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Electric flux density is the charge per unit area. Hence it is a function of charge and
not any of the other values.

4. As charge increases, what happens to flux density?

a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains constant
d) Becomes zero
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Electric flux density is the charge per unit area. The expression for flux density is:
D=Q/A. Electric flux is directly proportional to charge, hence as charge increases, electric flux also
increases.

5. As area increases, what happens to electric flux density?

a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains constant
d) Becomes zero
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Electric flux density is the charge per unit area. The expression for flux density is:
D=Q/A. Electric flux is inversely proportional to area, hence an area increases, electric flux
decreases.