MEGALOBLASTIC

ANAEMIA

-SHIVAM SEHGAL
110
AA0116142
 TYPE OF MACROCYTIC
ANAEMIA

• Megaloblastic • Non megaloblastic

1. Vitamin B12 1. Alcohol
deficiency 2. Reticulocytosis
2. Folic acid deficiency 3. Liver disease
4. hypothyroidism
5. Drugs -5fu
 DEFINITION
Megaloblastic anemia is a condition in which
the bone marrow produces unusually large,
structurally abnormal, immature red blood cells
(megaloblasts).
 INTRODUCTION

Normal mcv = 76-96 fl

Normal mchc =31-35 g/dl
 PATHOLOGY
• Biochemistry

Thf - m Vitamin B12 = Vitamin B12-m + Thf

Homocysteine DNA precursors

=
Methionine
 CAUSES
1. Malnutrition = daily requirement
2 .Malabsorbtion
PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA

B12- R Binder (saliva)

pancreatic enzymes
B12-Intrensic factor (parital cells)

Absorbtion (illeum)
• There is a autoimmune distruction of parital cells
Other cause
crohns
pancreatic insufficiency
3.liver disease
4.Drugs
 B12 Deficiency clinical
Age of presentation<2yrs
• Signs
• Symptoms 1. Pallor
1. fatigue 2. Severe glossitis
2. shortness of breath 3. Knuckle pigmentation
3. light-headedness 4. Hypopigmented hair
• In chronic cases
4. dizziness
5. fast heartbeat. 1. hepatosplenomegaly
2. bleeding tendencies
3. neurological symptoms
=infantile tremor
syndrome (tremor,mental
apathy,anaemia)
Histology
Lab findings
• Low serum B12
• High serum homocysteine
• High methylmalonic acid
Management
• Treat the cause
1. malnutrition = supplimentation
1000microgm/day i.m.
250microgm/day i.m. infants
2weeks daily to fill up the store
B12 rich foods =fish oil ,liver
THANK
YOU