CARPENTRY

Module 1-Week 1
After working on this module,
you will be able to:

1. Identify carpentry tools and

materials and their functions.
2. Describe tools and materials used
in carpentry.
3. Prepare tools and materials for a
task.
CARPENTRY 2
Directions: Read each of the following questions
carefully.

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 1. What kind of chisel has an upper
part shaped like a hollow cone in
which the handle is set?
A. Beveled chisel B. Ordinary flat chisel
C. Socket chisel D. Tang firmer chisel

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 2. What tool has a steel blade
sharpened to a cutting edge and held
firmly in place by a wooden handle?
A. chisel B. Iron smooth plane
C. Spokeshave D. Wooden smooth plane

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 3. Which of the following tools is used to mark
lines along the grain of wood or to indicate the
desired width and thickness of wood?

A. Chalk line B. Marking gauge

C. Metal rule D. Pencil
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 4. What kind of saw is used to cut along the grain
of wood?

A. back saw C. cross cut saw

B. coping caw D. rip saw
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 5. What kind of tool is used in driving and
pulling-out nails?

A. ballpen hammer B. claw hammer

C. crow bar D. sledge hammer
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 6. What is used for marking line in equal
distances along the edge of wood?

A. Compass B. divider
C. marking gauge D. pencil

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 7. What kind of tool is used for roughing off
surfaces?

A. Chisel B. File
C. Gouge D. rasp

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 8. What kind of tool is used to drive screws
into wooden surfaces?

A. claw hammer B. hand drill

C. Screwdriver D. wrench

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 9. What refers to lumbers that are dressed in
four sides?

A. Molding B. S4S
C. rough lumber D. Tongue and groove

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 10. What do you call to a board installed on
the exterior part of a building to protect
the building from bad weather condition?
A. Baseboard B. Floor board
C. Molding D. Siding wood board

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 Carpentry
Tools and
Construction
Materials
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1. Rules-are either made of metal or wood. The metal rule is made of
hardened and spring-tempered high carbon steel. It is marked off in
inches and fractions of an inch.

METAL RULE ZIGZAG RULE PUSH-PULL RULE

has two straight edges. Either Wooden rules are used to measure longer
side can be used to test if two to three feet long and distances available from 3
wood is straight and flat. have joints so they can be meters to 7.5 meters long.
folded up to fit in the pocket.
 2. Try Square. This tool is used for
testing if surface squares
with another form a
square corner. It is also
used for marking out lines
which must square with
the edge of wood

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 3. Marking Knife.
This knife has a steel blade
sharpened to a cutting edge held
firmly in place by a wooden
handle. It is used for marking
off lines usually across the grain
of wood to be cut.

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 4. Marking
Gauge. 4. Marking Gauge. This
tool is used to mark
lines along the grain of
wood or to carbon steel.
It is marked off in
inches and fractions of
an inch.
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5. Divider.
While a marking knife is
used for straight lines,
a divider is used for
marking out curved lines
such as circles and parts
of a circle joint.

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 6. Sliding T- This tool, like the try
bevel. square, can be set at
any angle. Its blade
is slotted and held in
the sack by a screw

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 This tool is similar to a
7. Mallet. hammer but its head
and handle are made of
hardwood. It is used
when hitting wooden-
handled tools such as
chisel. It is also used
when assembling wood
work.
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 8. Claw hammer

is the heavier type of hammer with a claw used

for driving and pulling out nails.

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 9. Wooden
smooth plane.
This tool is used for
planing a piece of
timber almost to size.

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 10. Iron
smooth plane.

This tool is used for

smoothing wood after
the jack or trying plane
has been used.
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11. Tang
firmer chisel.
This is used for cutting
and shaping woods.

PRESENTATION TITLE 25
 12. Socket firm
chisel.
This tool functions
similarly as a tang
firmer chisel.

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 13. Gouges.
These are used for
hollowing woods and
cutting curved
shapes.

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 14. Spokeshaves.

These are used

for planing curved
edges.

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 15. Saws. There are two kinds of saws: power saws (those run by
electricity and handsaws (those that are manually operated).

CROSSCUT SAW RIPSAW BACKSAW COPING SAW

is used for cutting across the is used for cutting wood is a fine-toothed cross-cut is used for sawing curves out
grain of the wood. along the grain. saw with a heavy metal of thin wood.
band across the back to hold
the thin blade firmly in place.
 16. Rasp.

The teeth of rasp are cut on

the principle of cutting
wedges.

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 17. Brace.
This is used for holding
bits when boring and
counter striking in
wood.

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 18. Hand drill.
This is used for drilling
holes up to ¼ of an inch
deep.

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 The blade end of the
19. Screwdriver. screwdriver should fit
smugly into the slot of
the screw, otherwise, it
may slip and damage the
screw head as well as
the surrounding wood.

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19. Screwdriver. The blade end of the screwdriver should fit smugly into
the slot of the screw

FLAT SCREW DRIVER PHILIP SCREW DRIVER

is used in driving flathead screws. is used in driving Philip head
screws.
 The woodworker’s
21. Bench vise. bench vise holds lumber
for easy working. The
vise is attached to the
bench so that its two top
edges are flushed with
the top of the bench.

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 22. Bench
hook.
This is used to hold
small pieces of wood
while sawing or
chiseling.

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 CARPENTRY MATERIALS
“Carpentry is an area of industrial arts
which makes use of a variety of materials.”

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1. Lumber is a kind of wood that is sawn for commercial purposes. It is
commonly used for structural and furniture purposes.

1. ROUGH LUMBER

– refers to undressed lumber. S4S

It is commonly used in
refers to lumber dressed in
various framing and
four sides.
scaffolding works.
 2. Siding is a type of material installed
on the exterior part of a
Wood Board building to protect the building
from bad weather.

2.1 V-cut refers to the shape of the

recesses visible on the face of a panel
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 3. Molding
is an embellishment in strip form, made
of wood or other structural material
used to decorate or finish a surface such
as the wall of a room or building or the
surface of a door or piece of furniture.

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3.1 BASEBOARD
MOLDING
a wooden board covering
the lowest part of an interior
wall. Its purpose is to
cover the joint between the
wall surface and the floor.
Kinds of Moldings
3.2 CORNER MOLDING
3.3 HAND RAIL 3.4 DENTIL MOLDING
is a wooden board used
is a wooden rail is a type of wooden trim
to protect the edge of the
designed to be grasped by that has blocks shaped
wall at an outside corner,
the hand to provide stability like teeth. It
or to cover a joint on
or support is composed of tooth-
an inside corner.
shaped blocks of wood.
 4. Floor
boards
are long planks making
up part of a wooden
floor in a building

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 Kinds of Floor boards

TONGUE AND GROOVES

4.2 WOOD TILES
are wooden
planks in which adjacent boards are
joined by means of interlocking ridges are any products
and grooves down their sides manufactured from timber that are
designed for flooring, either structural or
aesthetic.
 5. Veneer products
refer to thin slices of wood and sometimes bark, usually thinner than 3 mm (1/8
inch), glued onto core panels such as plywood, particle board or ply board to
produce flat panels such as doors, tops and panels for cabinets, parquet floors,
ceiling and partition wall.

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 6. Hardware and Accessories

NAILS
The easiest way to join two pieces of wood
is by fastening them with nails. Nails are
commonly made of steel and have large flat
heads and pointed ends. They come in
different sizes and shapes. They are used for
rough carpentry and packing-case work.
 Kinds of Nails

1.1 COMMON WIRE NAIL 1.2 FINISHING NAIL

has a much is the thinnest of all
larger head and diameter than nails and has a smallest head.
other nails. It is mostly used in
carpentry works.
 Kinds of Nails

1.3 CONCRETE NAIL

1.4 UMBRELLA
NAIL
is a hardened-steel nail that has a is used to fasten G.I. corrugated
flat countersunk sheet on wooden purlins
head and a tapered point. It is used
for nailing various materials to
concrete or masonry.
 Kinds of Nails

1.5 FLAT HEAD NAILS 1.6 BRAD NAILS

have flat, wide and round heads.
They are used to fix sheet
materials such as G. I. plain sheet
or plywood where the greater
surface area of the head holds the
sheet.
are shorter than one inch
of common wire nails. They are thin nails
of the same thickness throughout but
tapering in width and having a slight
projection at the top of one side instead of
a head.
Kinds of Nails

1.7 SPIKES
are nails measuring
more than six inches.
 2. Screw

is a short, slender, sharp-pointed metal pin with a raised helical

thread running around it and a slotted head.
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2.1 WOOD SCREW
is a metal screw with a sharp
point designed to attach two
pieces of wood together.
Kinds of Screws
2.2 METAL SCREW 2.3 TEK SCREWS 2.4 LAG SCREW
is a kind of hardware
are also called self-tapping has a hexagonal head and
supply which is used
fasteners or self-drilling requires a wrench rather
for tightening metal
screws than a screw
objects.
driver to drive it in or
unscrew it.
 Kinds of Screws

2.5 CUP SCREW 2.6 SCREW HOOK

features a hex drive at one

end and a cup-shaped is a small hook with a
indentation at threaded shank for screwing into
the other. woodwork or paneling.
 6. Bolt
is a long metal object that screws into a nut and is
used to fasten things.

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 Kinds of Bolt

2.1 MACHINE BOLT 2.2 EXPANSION BOLT 2.3 STUD BOLT 2.4 CARRIAGE BOLT

is a threaded fastener used
with a nut for connecting
requires no thread when
metal parts having a thread
diameter of about 1/4inch
(6.4 mm) or more and a
square or hexagonal head for
tightening by a wrench.
is a bolt that expands is a bolt with threads on
when tightened and both ends designed to be
inserted in the hole.
screwed permanently into a
fixed part at one end and to
receive a nut on the other.
is a large bolt with a
round head used chiefly
for fixing wooden panels
to masonry or to one
another.
 3. Molding
is an embellishment in strip form, made
of wood or other structural material
used to decorate or finish a surface such
as the wall of a room or building or the
surface of a door or piece of furniture.

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Accessories
1 2 3 4 5
HINGE

is used to is a is a rod- Hasp is a are may be

BAREL BOLT

CABINET HANDLES
DOOR KNOB

HASP
fasten two mechanism shaped bolt slotted hinged made of metal,
pieces of used to open used for metal plate glass or wood.
wood that are or close a fastening a that forms part They are
movable like door. door or the of a fastening fastened to
window like. for a door or doors and
panels, doors, lid and is fitted drawers of
cabinets, over a metal tables.
trunks, chest loop and
and boxes. e- secured by a
commerce pin or
padlock.

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Accessories

MOUNTING BRACKET

CATCHES
DRAWER SLIDE

1 2
is a kind of accessories
3Is mounted on the wall 4 are used for panels that
that is fixed to the side of vertically. Its horizontal do
the drawer and the arm is projecting outward not require keys to open.
carcass of the drawer for another element to be
unit. attached on top of it

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1.2 Prepare tools and materials for a task.
Preparing of tools and materials in carpentry job is very important before the work started. This is to
avoid delay of work. How to prepare it? Think of the carpentry job you want, and make a list of tools and
materials needed. Be sure you know the uses of those tools and materials to avoid too much.

Types and Uses of Carpentry Tools and Materials

Tools Uses
1. Cross cut saw Used for cutting lumber
2. Try square Used for testing drawing line
3. Claw hammer Used for driving and pulling nails
4. pencil Used for marking a line
Validation
For

5. push-pull rule Used for measuring longer distances

Materials Uses
1. lumber Used for structural and furniture purposes
2. nails
58
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20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 59

Directions: Read each of the following questions carefully and write
the letter of the correct answer on your TLE notebook.

1. What kind of tool is made of metal used in smoothing

lumber after the jack or trying plane has been used?

A. Chisel C. Iron smooth plane

B. Gouge D. Wooden smooth plane
2. What kind of tool is used in cutting and
shaping wood?
A. Chisel C. Iron smooth plane
B. Gouge D. Wooden smooth plane

3. Which kind of saw is used for sawing curves

out of thin wood?
A. Back saw C. Cross cut saw
B. Coping saw D. Keyhole saw
 Validation
For

4. What kind of material is used in various framing and

scaffolding works?
A. S4S C. Rough lumber
B. Molding D. Siding wood board

5. Which of the following kinds of nails is used to fix sheet materials

such as G.I. plain sheet or plywood?
A. Brad nail C. Finishing nail
B. Common wire nail D. Flat head nail