Post operative Complications

Dr.Amir Siddig
Department of Surgery
Faculty of Medicine
•Surgery , in general, can be associated with
some complications.
• The occurrence of complications depends
on patient factors (age , gender,chronic
diseases), operative factors(elective or
emergency) , preoperative preparations and
postoperative management
 General Complications
1. Complications of Anaesthesia
1.Air way compromise
2.Injury to teeth, tongue, lips and trachea
3.Anaphlaxis
4. Malignant hyperthermia
5. Aspiration
6.Suxamethonium apnoea
 2.Respiratory Complications

1. Airway obstruction
2. Atelectasis
3. Pneumonia
4. Bronchospasm
5. Tension pneumothorax
 3.Cardiovascular Complications
1.Myocardial Infarction
2.Arrhythmias
3.Pulmonary embolism
4.Heart failure
 4.Neurovascular complications
1.Cerebral hemorrhage
2. Cerebral infarction
3-Acute confusional states ,metabolic ,sepsis
 5.Renal complications
1. Acute renal failure
2. UTI
 6.Haematological complications
1. Haemorrhage
A- primary
B-Reactionary (cessation of spasm,clot
dislodgement)C- secondary (Infection,
malignancy)
Venous, arterial
2. DVT
3. DIC
 7.Endocrine complication

1.Hyperglycemia
2. Hypoglycemia
3. Thyrotoxic crisis
 Gastro-intestinal complications
1.Stress ulceration
Haematemesis, malena
2.Paralytic ileus
Abdominal dsitension , vomiting
3-Constipation
4-Diarrhoea (Pseudomembranous colitis)
 Complications in chronological Order

(a) Immediate :
1.Primary haemorrhage
2.Reactionary haemorrhage
3.Shock(blood loss,acute MI pulmonary
emboism)
4.Low urine out put
5.Basal atelectasis
(B) Early
1. Pain
2. Nausea and vomiting
3. Fever
4. Secondary hemorrhage
5. Paralytic ileus
6. DVT
7. Acute urine retension
8.Urinary tract infection
9.Wound infection
10. Bed sores
(C) Late:
1.Bowel obstruction
2.Incisional hernia
3.Recurrence
4.Hypertrophic scars, keloid
5-Bed sores
 Post operative Fever
1. Atelectasis
2. DVT
3. Wound Infection
4. Pneumonia