Air & Noise Pollution

Presentation
Special Noise Environments
&
Removal of pollutants by Absorption
 Special Noise Environments

Special noise environments are situations where the sound levels or

characteristics are unusual or extreme, and may pose a challenge or a
risk for human health and well-being. For eg. – Underwater noise,
Transportation noise, Recreational noise and Industrial noise.

TYPES OF SPECIAL NOISE ENVIRONMENTS

Impulsive sound
Infrasound
Ultrasound
Sonic Boom
Impulsive Sound:
Impulsive sound is a type of sound that has a very short duration
and a high intensity which usually caused by a sudden change in
pressure or force.
Common sources include gunshots, hammer strike, explosions,
and industrial processes.
Prolonged exposure to impulsive noise can lead to hearing
damage and other health issues.
These sounds often have a high amplitude and can be significantly
louder than the background noise.
Infrasound:
Infrasound is sound that has a frequency below the lower limit of
human hearing, which is generally 20 Hz.
Infrasound can be produced by natural or human-made sources,
such as earthquakes, volcanoes, thunder, explosions, aircraft, and
machinery.
Infrasound can have various effects on human health and well-
being, such as nausea, anxiety, fatigue, and hearing loss.
We can’t consciously hear Infrasound, it can still affect us
physically and emotionally.
Infrasound has also been investigated in various fields like music,
where it’s used to create atmospheric effects in compositions. In
scientific studies, it is used to explore its effect on humans and
animals.
Ultrasound:
Ultrasound refers to sound waves with frequencies higher than
the upper limit of human hearing, typically above 20,000 Hz.
It is widely used in medical imaging for procedures like
ultrasound scans during pregnancy, as well as in industrial
applications for cleaning and measuring distances.
While humans cannot hear ultrasound, some animals, such as
dogs and bats, can perceive it. This has applications in animal
communication and navigation.
In industrial and scientific settings, ultrasound is utilized for non-
destructive testing and cleaning delicate items like jewelry or
electronic components.
Sonic Boom:
A sonic boom is a shockwave produced when an object travels
through the air at a speed faster than the speed of sound.
It is often associated with supersonic aircraft and can cause a loud
noise similar to an explosion on the ground.
Sonic booms have led to concerns about their impact on human
health, wildlife, and structures. Efforts are made to mitigate these
effects and control the sonic boom generated by aircraft.
Research is ongoing to develop technologies that reduce or
eliminate the sonic boom, allowing for supersonic flight over land
without causing disruptive noise.
Removal of pollutants by Absorption:-
Many pollutants, both natural and synthetic, are gaseous in
nature and require specific technology to effectively remove the
pollutant from an exhaust or process gas stream. Gaseous
industrial pollutants can include:
Acid Gases (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen sulfide, and
many others)
Inorganic Gases (Sulfur Oxides, Nitrogen Oxides, Ammonia, etc.)
Organic Gases (Ethylene, Benzene, Ethanol, and many other
volatile organic compounds [VOCs] or hazardous air pollutants
[HAPs])
There are several technologies available that can provide control
(removal) of gaseous pollutants
ABSORPTION:

 Absorption is a physical or chemical process of removing a pollutant

from a gas phase media by dissolving the pollutant into a solvent
media. Solvent media is most commonly a liquid phase, but can be a
dry bulk solid in certain systems. The material that absorbs is called
the solvent, and the gas that is to be absorbed is called the solute.
 The most common form of absorption is wet scrubbing. A
wet scrubber is the generic name of a control device that uses the
process of absorption to separate the pollutant from a gas stream.
 The most common type of wet scrubber is a packed-bed
counterflow scrubber. Other types of scrubbers include cross
flow, bubble plate and tray scrubbers, and more sophisticated or
proprietary designs.
Acid gas scrubbing is one of the most common applications for a
wet, packed tower scrubber. An Acid Gas Scrubber controls
emissions which are the result of oxidizing halogenated compounds
such as HCl, H2S, and SO2, which may may form acid gases during
the oxidization process in a thermal oxidizer.

Wet Scrubber:

A wet scrubber is the generic name of a control device that uses the
process of absorption to separate the pollutant from a gas stream.
Absorption is a physical or chemical process of removing a pollutant
from a gas phase media by dissolving the pollutant into a solvent
media. Solvent media is most commonly a liquid phase, but can be a
dry bulk solid in certain systems. The material that absorbs is called
the solvent, and the gas that is to be absorbed is called the solute.
Packed-Bed Scrubber:
The most common type of wet scrubber is a packed-bed counterflow
scrubber. There are other types of scrubbers, such as cross flow, bubble
plate and tray scrubbers, and more sophisticated or proprietary designs.
The sketch below provides a very basic flow diagram and points out the
common components of a crossflow wet scrubber. The gas stream that
contains the pollutants to be removed enters from the bottom of the
scrubber and quickly turns upward towards the exhaust at the top of the
scrubber. The random packing provides necessary surface area to
distribute the liquid solvent and encourage contact between the two
medias. The liquid scrubbing media (or solvent) enters near the top of
the scrubber and is distributed over the random packing. The liquid
adsorbs the pollutants from the gas phase and is collected in the sump
of the scrubber. Prior to exiting the scrubber, the gas phase passes over a
mist eliminator and exits to the atmosphere.
Presented by:-
Nishu khan (200010130082)
Om deshwal (200010130085)
Nishant sorout (200010130080)
Nishu katial (200010130083)
Pankaj gupta (200010130087)