“Army Vision: By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride”.

HEADQUARTERS
NCR REGIONAL COMMUNITY DEFENSE GROUP
ARMY RESERVE COMMAND
Fort Andres Bonifacio, Metro Manila

IMPROVISED
EXPLOSIVE DEVICE

Honor. Patriotism. Duty

 LESSON REFERENCES

• PAM 3-0602 EOD Handbook

• https://www.slideshare.net/
ChrisFearnley/indepth-ied-awareness-
training
 Why Study Improvised
Explosive DEVICE Recognition
and Safety Awareness
This Session Will
be consume 2
Hours
 ROADMAP

Discuss the following:

 Define Improvised Explosive Device (IED)
 Recognize IED components, complete IED and
indication
 Determine the typical type of IED
 Type of IED
 DO’s and DON’T’s
 LESSON OBJECTIVES
AT THE END OF THE LESSON, THE STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

TLO: Classify the different type of typical IED and counter

measures.

ELO:

 Define Improvised Explosive DEVICEd (IED)

 Recognize IED components, complete IED and
indication
 Determine the typical type if IED
 DO’s and DON’T’s
 REVIEW OF RELATED TOPICS
• What is an IED?
• The five components of
an IED
– Casing
– Explosive
– Power source
– Detonator / Initiator
–
Trigger / Firing Switch
• Different types of IED
–
Command (RC or CW)
– VOIED
– PBIED
– VBIED
– EFP
– Chemical / Biological
• IED Enhancements
• Experimental IEDs
– Drone-borne
– RC-driven VBIEDs
 IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE (IED)

A device placed or
fabricated in an improvised
manner incorporating
destructive, lethal, noxious,
pyrotechnic, or incendiary
chemicals and designed to
destroy, incapacitate,
harass, or distract. It may
incorporate military stores,
but is normally DEVICEd
from nonmilitary
components.
Recognize IED Components,
Complete IED and Indication
 Recognize IED Components,
Complete IED and Indication

The Casing
• Virtually anything can be used as a casing for an IED!
• Serves two purposes:

– Conceal the device from being detected

– Enhance the explosive power
The Casing
 The Explosive
•Two
Low types: High explosive and low• explosive
explosive: High explosive:
• Comes
– Black powder
in all shapes, sizes, – TNT
granularity
• Obtained from shotgun cartridges • Harvested from conventional munitions
and colourperchlorate
– Potassium – Ammonium nitrate-based
• Obtained from fireworks & match heads • Obtained through processing of fertiliser
– TATP (triacetone triperoxide)
• Favoured in Europe, precursors freely
available

• Terrorist publications such as Inspire magazine regularly feature

scientifically-accurate ‘how-to’ guides for manufacturing homemade
explosives
The Explosive
IED INDICATORS
IED INDICATORS
 TYPICAL TYPES OF IED
IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE,
CONSISTING OF A CHARGE, INITIATOR,
SWITCH, POWER SOURCE AND CONTAINER,
DESIGNED TO DETONATE ON AN INTENDED
TARGET.
 TYPE OF IED
TYPE OF IED GROUP TYPE OF IED GROUP
Electronic Pressure Plate
Mechanical Time Tripwire
Chemical Infrared Passive
Command Wire Infra red active Victim Operated
Command pull Command Anti lift
Radio Controlled Pressure switch
Light sensitive
 TYPE OF IED
TYPE OF IED GROUP
Recoilless
Rocket
Improvised Hand Projected
Grenade
Mortars
Vehicle borne IED
Person Borne IED
Improvised Hand Suicide
Grenade
Mortars
Timed Device
 Command: CW (command wire)
or RC (radio-control)
• The IED receives a ‘command’ that causes it to initiate
• Two types:
– Command wire (CW)
– Radio-controlled (RC)
• IS frequently use mobile phones or radios
• Command wires less popular, difficult to conceal, limited range
 VOIED: (Victim-operated)

• The IED is initiated as a result of some sort of action or motion

of the victim
• Pressure plate
• Pressure release
• Motion sensor (PIR)
• Tilt switch
 PBIED: (Person-borne)
• Also known as a “suicide vest”
• Worn around the waist/chest
Two types:
– Defensive
• Anti-capture device
• Bataclan theatre
– Offensive
• Inflict mass casualties
• Contains fragmentation matrix
• Stade de France
• IS utilise female and child operatives to infiltrate secure locations
• IS Have experimented with internal PBIEDs
 VBIED: (Vehicle-borne)
• Huge destructive power
• Main charges up to 50 tonnes seen!!
• Suicide & non-suicide
• Perimeter breach
• Mass casualty
 EFP: Explosively Formed Projectile
• Design originated from the Iranians
• Used to great effect during the first Gulf War
– Destroyed a US M1 Abrams MBT
• Identifiable by the concave ‘liner’, usually
made of copper or steel
 Chemical Biological IED
• Chemical and biological weapons have added ‘fear factor’
• IS have been experimenting for years
• Main difficulty exists in getting explosive power correct

– Too low, the agent will not be dispersed

– Too high and the agent will be vaporized/destroyed
 IED Enhancements
• Additives or damage multipliers added to enhance the
lethality or destructive capability of an IED
• Most common is fragmentation
– Ball-bearings
– Nuts and bolts
– Steel rebar
– Bullets
• Accelerant to increase incendiary effect
– Gasoline
– Kerosene
• Pressurised containers
– Gas cylinders
IED Enhancements
Refrigerant 134a
Mixtures with high
concentrations of air at
elevated pressure and/or
temperature can be
ignited. Contact of 1,1,1,2-
tetrafluoroethane with
flames or hot surfaces in
excess of 250 °C (482 °F)
may cause vapour
decomposition and the
emission of toxic gases
including hydrogen fluoride
and carbonyl halides.
 THE POWER SOURCE
• All IEDs require a power source, except for incendiary devices

• Common items include 9V batteries, car batteries, motorcycle

batteries, AA batteries…

• Possibilities are endless… even stored mechanical energy can

be used, such as a coiled spring.
 THE POWER SOURCE
The Detonator / Initiator
• Explosives require some sort of method or component to initiate an
explosive

• Detonators
– Can be mechanical or electrical
– Hard to acquire in UK, an improvised detonator is more likely to be seen
– Contain a low explosive

• Initiators
– Different from detonators
– Used to ‘initiate’ low explosives, such as black powder
– Often improvised, easy to make
 THE POWER SOURCE
The Trigger / Firing Switch

• Every IED requires some sort of action or input to cause

the device to function
– A button
– A switch
– A timer
• IRA often used a mercury tilt switch
• Mobile phones and UHF/VHF radios favoured by IS
THE POWER SOURCE
THE POWER SOURCE
THE POWER SOURCE
 DOS’S and DON’T’s OF IED
DON’T’S DOS
Don’t Panic Notify proper authorities
Don’t Touch the suspected Item Get all non essential personnel out
Don’t Focus on that just one device, Stay away from the line of sight of the
possibility of a secondary item is possible suspected item
Seek Cover
Questions?
 Check on Learning

1) Define the term “Improvised Explosive Device” (IED)

2) Identify the typical type of IED.
 Summarize
 Improvised Explosive DEVICEd (IED)
 IED components, complete IED and
indication
 Typical type if IED
 Type of IED
 DO’s and DON’T’s
 Assessment
Written Examination:
4 Objective Type Test (2 Multiple Choice and 2 Multiple
Response).

Standard: Each individual/group must get 70% of the

total number of task steps “GO” to pass the subject and
get a rating of “Needs Practice” after two (2) Retakes.
 OUTCOME
At the end of the session, the learners were
able
 Define Improvised Explosive DEVICEd (IED)
 Recognize IED components, complete IED
and indication
 Type of IED
 Determine the typical type if IED
 DO’s and DON’T’s
FEEDBACK
-SEE YOU WHEN I SEE YOU-