SCHOOL

Chapter I
THE SCHOOL AS AN AGENT
OF SOCIAL CHANGE
 SCHOOL
• Vital sources of knowledge and innovations
• Contributors to economic development
• Agents of social and cultural development
• Warehouse of knowledge
• Develop manpower needs of the society developing the
necessary skills, values, and knowledge needed in everyday life
particularly in the industry.
SCHOOL as an ORGANIZATION
-It has its own system of governance influenced by a fixed
organizational structure or bureaucracy.

Department of Education
National – Dept. Secretary
Regional – Regional Directors
Division – Superintendent
District – District Supervisor
School – Principal
• SCHOOL as a LEARNING ORGANIZATION
- Its main function is to help learners to learn and develop knowledge, skills, and
values essential for every individual.

• SCHOOL as a COMMUNITY
- It is composed of teachers, administrators, students, staff, and other stakeholders
united in one purpose and guided by common values and culture.
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
VISION – a sense of direction of what the school hopes to accomplish for itself, for
the people, and for the society.
VALUES – provides a framework for organizational culture and behavior of the
entire school.
LEADERSHIP – provides administrative and management support for the day-to-
day activities and functions of the school.
CULTURE – pertains to shared values and behaviors of students, teachers, staff,
and administration.

SCHOOL as a SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

CHARACTERISTICS of SCHOOL
• Structure – as a social systems, schools’ structure have hierarchies of
authority, goals, and role expectations similar to bureaucratic organizations.
• Culture - is influenced by the philosophy and the core values of the school. It
is continuously shape by the culture of every individual members of the school.
• Climate – it represents an organization’s distinguishing characteristics,
feelings, and behavior that can be presented with a framework.
FOUR ELEMENTS
1. Physical Frame
2. Social Frame
3. Structural Frame
4. Symbolic Frame
• LEADERSHIP and DECISION MAKING – an important aspect of
leadership is the quality and systematic effects of functions and behaviors of
principals as leaders.
THE GOVERNANCE of BASIC EDUCATION ACT provided a way to
enhance the system of leadership and decision making process in school.
School Improvement Plan (SIP) – annual school improvement plan that
serves as the basis for their budget and for evaluating their performance.

• RELATIONSHIPS – Social organization like schools are stemmed from

interaction among people both within and outside of the organization.
 SOCIAL CHANGE and its EFFECT in the EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM
SOCIAL CHANGE
- is a broad term and every society develops and evolves in a unique way as
influenced by various social factors and events.
- According to sociologist, it is the changes in the human interactions and
relationships that transform cultural and social transformation.
- The Financial Institutions 2025 Risk Index indentified six megatrends that
continues to shape and influences our society.
1. DIGITALIZATION and TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES – Technology
advancement is impacting the finance industry as new challengers are emerging
and growing customer expectations drives significant IT infrastructure investment.
2. DEMOGRAPHIC and BEHAVIORAL CHANGES – the changing demographics,
geographical, and behavioral profile of customers are forcing financial institutions
to deal with divergent customers expectations, and new customer bases and
workforces.
3. GLOBAL TALENTS and SKILLS RACE – talent capable of navigating a rapidly
evolving financial landscape will be required to response to increasing regulatory
pressures, a changing approach to risk management and the emergence of new
markets.
4. BUSINESS OPERATING MODEL PRESSURES – regulation and the increasing
cost of capital is exerting pressure on business operating structure, driving
segmentation, and disintermediation in the financial sector.
5. REGULATORY CHANGES and COMPLEXITY – regulatory pressures arising
from the financial crisis have increased the cost of capital, prompted large-scale
divestment, reshaped attitudes towards risk, and redrawn the boundary between
retain and wholesale banking.
6. CHANGES in INVESTMENT, CAPITAL SOURCES and RETURNS – non-bank
financial institutions, fintech companies, and new investors are bringing fresh
capital into the sector while banks meet capital requirements, manage stress tests,
and spend on compliance upgrades.
These social changes, among others, demands that all educational
institutions at any level must not only respond to these changes but they
must also evolve and be changed.
1. New ways of teaching and learning must be developed and introduced
2. Instruction must focus on the holistic development of every learners
3. Technology must be utilized to improved access to quality education
4. Curriculum must be progressive and innovative
5. Alternative learning system must be harnessed
6. New literacies and skills must be developed
7. Teachers must be equipped with high level of technological, pedagogical.
Content knowledge (TPK)
8. Classrooms must be equipped with technology
9. New subjects and courses must be developed to respond to the needs of
the society
10. Old discipline must evolve to embrace new research and developments
in the field
11. Critical thinking, creativity, and innovation must be developed among
students
12. Industry-school partnerships must be developed
SOCIAL CHANGES and CHALLENGES BROUGHT by the 4 TH
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
4TH Industrial Revolution
• Davis (2016) builds on the Digital Revolution with cyber-physical systems
providing new mechanism and allowing technology to be embedded within societies
and even in the human body.
•Schwab (2016) the new and emerging technologies have great potential to
continue to connect billions more people to the natural environment through better
asset management.
• Bernard (2016) provides various opportunities to improved human communication
and conflict resolution.
The 4th Industrial Revolution brought significant social transformation that
created a new world economy characterized by:
a. Wider Employment Opportunities
b. Demand for quality, competitive and Flexible Workers
c. Globalization
d. Millennial Workforce
e. Mobility
f. Technological Advancement
g. New Behaviors
 THREE LITERATION
1. DATA LITERATION – the ability to read, to analyze, and to
use information in the digital world.
2. TECHNOLOGY LITERATION – the ability to understand
mechanical (system) work, to use the application of technology
like (Coding, AI, & Engineering Principles)
3. HUMAN LITERATION – Humanities, Communication, and
Design. This calls for development of leadership skills, social
competence, collaboration and teamwork, professionalism, and
new sets of values to be developed among students.
The World Economic Forum in 2016 identified examples of these skills:

• Complex Problem Solving • Innovation Skills

• Critical Thinking • Creativity
• People Management • Collaboration
• Emotional Quotient • Decision Making
• Negotiation • Entrepreneurship
• Cognitive Fluency
Thank You
for
Listening!