Biodiesel

What is the types of fuel?

Why scientists try to substitute fossil fuel?
 What is the substitute for fossil fuel?
• Renewable energy
• biofuel
What is biofuel
 What Is Biodiesel and its production
methods?
 Biodiesel is a fuel made from
vegetable oils and alcohols
(Methanol / Ethanol / ISO-
Propanol) utilizing a chemical
process called
Transesterification. The resulting
Mono-Alkyl Esters have an
acceptable viscosity and can be
used interchangeably with
petroleum diesel, thus biodiesel
production made.
History of diesel:

 Built in the 1890s by inventor Rudolph Diesel, the diesel engine

seems to have become the engine of demand for power, reliability
and high fuel savings, globally. The French government and Dr.
Rudolph Diesel teamed, whom foreseen that pure vegetable oils
can really power first prototypes of diesel engines for agriculture
in rural parts of the world where petroleum wasn’t really
accessible at the moment, were among the pioneer researchers on
vegetable oil fuels.
 Advanced biodiesel fuel, formulated by turning vegetable oils into
compounds known as methyl esters of fatty acids, may have its
origins in research made in Belgium in the year 1930.
 What Is Transesterification?
 The major components of vegetable oils and animal fats are Triglycerides. To obtain biodiesel, the vegetable oil or
animal fat is subjected to a chemical reaction termed transesterification.

In that reaction, the vegetable oil or animal fat is reacted in the presence of a catalyst with an Alcohol (usually methanol) to give
the corresponding Alkyl Esters (or for methanol, the methyl esters) of the fatty acid mixture that is found in the parent vegetable
oil or animal fat.
 Biodiesel Materials
• Vegetable Oils
• Soybean
• Cotton seed
• Palm
• Peanut
• Rape Seed / Canola
• Sunflower
• Safflower
• Coconut
• Animal Fats
• Tallow
• Waste Oils
• Used Frying oils
 Biodiesel Blends(applications):
 Biodiesel is often blended with petroleum diesel to
produce a fuel that is compatible with diesel
engines. Biodiesel blends reduce harmful
emissions. Biodiesel blends will become more
common as drivers are made aware of the many
benefits.
 B2 – 2% Biodiesel and 98% Diesel
 B5 – 5% Biodiesel and 95% Diesel
 B20 – 20% Biodiesel and 80% Diesel
 As a heating oil
 Aircraft use
 Railway usage
Advantages Of Biodiesel

 Reduction of most exhaust emissions (Exception NOx)

 Higher flash point leading to safer handling and storage
 Excellent lubricity
Disadvantages Of Biodiesel:

 Inherent higher price

 Increased NOx exhaust emissions due to reduced excise taxes
High expensive Feedstock’s