LINGUISTIC CONTEXT

ELEMENTS AND CONTEXTS OF 21ST CENTURY PHILIPPINE LITERATURE FROM THE REGIONS.
LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students are able to :

1. differentiate the levels of comprehension in linguistic context;

2. analyze the literary text through linguistic contexts and discuss how they
enhance the text’s meaning and enrich the reader’s understanding; and

3. explain the relationship of context with the text’s meaning.

CLASS RULES
1. Always be on time
2. Come to class prepared with your studied handouts
3. Be kind, polite and courteous and respectful to others.
4. Be respectful of classmates, teachers and property.
5. Listen to the teacher and classmates, and follow directions.
6. Work hard and always do your best in the activities.
7. Raise your hand when you would like to speak in class
or if you need to leave the classroom for any reason.
TASK 1. TRUE OR FALSE
 write TRUE if the statement is factual, and if not, write FALSE.
1. Socio-cultural context is about how literary works depict the society.
2. Linguistic context concerns with the language used in the literary text.
3. In socio-cultural context, it is not necessary that a literary work is
connected to the society.
4. The use of sensory images by the author gives the readers a clear
picture of the story.
5. Using simple language helps readers understand the literary texts.
“IT’S GETTING HOT IN HERE!”
“IT’S GETTING HOT IN HERE!”
“IT’S GETTING HOT IN HERE!”
LINGUISTIC CONTEXT
refers to the words, phrases, or sentences that
surround a particular word, phrase, or utterance and
influence its meaning.
It is a crucial aspect of language comprehension
and communication, as the interpretation of a
specific linguistic element often depends on the
words, structure, and situation in which it is used.
3 LEVELS OF COMPREHENSION IN LINGUISTIC CONTEXT

literal comprehension – the details literally found on the text

inferential comprehension – the underlying meaning of the text
evaluative comprehension – message in the text
3 LEVELS OF COMPREHENSION IN LINGUISTIC CONTEXT

literal comprehension – the details literally found on the text

3 LEVELS OF COMPREHENSION IN LINGUISTIC CONTEXT
inferential comprehension – the underlying meaning of the text
3 LEVELS OF COMPREHENSION IN LINGUISTIC CONTEXT
evaluative comprehension – message in the text
TASK 2. IDENTIFY THE MEANING BASED ON CONTEXT

inferential comprehension evaluative comprehension

EXAMPLE OF WORDS THAT ARE UNDERSTOOD DIFFERENTLY DEPENDING ON THE CONTEXT

Model
EXAMPLE OF WORDS THAT ARE UNDERSTOOD DIFFERENTLY DEPENDING ON THE CONTEXT

Significant
In regular reading, "significant" can imply
importance. In statistics, it signifies that the
observed result is unlikely to have occurred by
random chance.
LET’S COLLABORATE!

Talk quietly - Only your group should

hear you.
Everyone’s ideas are important - Be respectful.
Actively Participate - Do your fair share of the
work.
Manage your behavior - Stay on task at your table
LET’S COLLABORATE!
Rubrics in Participation/Group Activities
POINTS INDICATORS
5 Shows eagerness and cooperation to do the task, participate actively, do great help to the group.
4 Shows eagerness and cooperation to do the task, good followers only
3 Participated but late, with teacher’s supervision
2 Activity was done but does not show eagerness to participate or cooperate
1 No interest in participating the activities
LET’S COLLABORATE!
Create a group of 5 members
Read the poem "Lyric 17" by Jose Garcia-Villa

Unlock the meaning

slender -thin; slim
kneel -knees are on the ground
LET’S COLLABORATE!

Interpret the lines of the poem assigned to your group

Group 1- lines 1-2 Group 5- lines 9-10
Group 2- lines 3-4 Group 6- lines 11-12
Group 3- lines 5-6 Group 7- lines 13-14
Group 4- lines 7-8
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND LINGUISTIC CONTEXT?

Avoiding misunderstandings.
Identifying humor and sarcasm.
Understanding implied meanings.
Adapting language for different social
situations.
LET’S SUM IT UP
what are the 3 levels of comprehension in linguistic
context?
We have analyzed lyric 17 of Jose Garcia-Villa. How
were you able to grasp the text’s meaning?
Why do we need to understand the linguistic context of a
literary text?
QUIZ
Please prepare your notebook for our 10 –item quiz
QUIZ

1. It is the underlying meaning of the text.

a. literal b. inferential c. evaluative

QUIZ

2. It is the details literally found on the text.

a. literal b. inferential c. evaluative

QUIZ

3. It refers to the message in the text.

a. literal b. inferential c. evaluative

QUIZ

4. In the poem Lyric 17, what is meant by the word

bow?
a. the tradition of bowing
b. interesting and not dull
c. inspire its audience
QUIZ

5. Why is the word “must” repeated 8 times in the poem?

a. it should draw the audience’s attention
b. must be sensitive and be able to sense
c. shows the writer’s compulsion
d. correct meaning of the expression.
QUIZ
6. What is the overall message of the poem?
a. The qualities that make poetry good
b. using fanciful language in poem
c. a poem should also be a song
d. he is the God of poem
QUIZ

7. Does the poem follow a rhyme scheme?

A. Yes B. No
QUIZ
8. What does line 11 suggest? “It must be able to hide”
a. poem’s meaning should not be in clear vision
b. appealing to its audience with imagery
c. how poems should not be dark
d. the language he uses is fanciful
QUIZ
9. Why is it important to understand linguistic context in
analyzing a text?
a. knowing the author’s education background
b. understanding implied meanings.
c. situate the text in a point in history
d. to avoid the social situations
QUIZ

10. What is linguistic context?

a. the words, structure, and situation in which the text is used
b. the author’s background that could have influenced the
writing technique
c. the experiences in the course of history
ASSIGNMENT

Read Puppy Love (Excerpt) F. Sionil Jose. Write down

your interpretation of the text based on your knowledge
of linguistic context. Write your answers in a ½ cw
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Imagery: Descriptive language that

appeals to the senses, creating mental
images for the reader.
"The stars twinkled like diamonds in the night sky."
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Imagery: Descriptive language that appeals to the

senses, creating mental images for the reader.
George Orwell's "1984"
"The hallway smelt of boiled cabbage
and old rag mats."
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Imagery: Descriptive language that appeals to the

senses, creating mental images for the reader.
J.R.R. Tolkien's "The Hobbit"
"In a hole in the ground there lived a
hobbit."
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Symbolism: The use of symbols to

represent ideas or qualities. For instance, a
dove may symbolize peace, while a dark
storm cloud may symbolize impending
trouble.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Symbolism: The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.

For instance, a dove may symbolize peace, while a dark storm
cloud may symbolize impending trouble.
Harper Lee's "To Kill a Mockingbird"
The Mockingbird - Symbolizes innocence, and it is
used to represent characters like Tom Robinson and
Boo Radley.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Symbolism: The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.

For instance, a dove may symbolize peace, while a dark storm
cloud may symbolize impending trouble.
F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby"
The Green Light - Symbolizes Gatsby's unattainable
dreams and his pursuit of the American Dream.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Metaphor: A figure of speech that makes

a direct comparison between two unrelated
things, suggesting that they are alike.
For example, "Time is a thief."
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Simile: A figure of speech that compares

two unlike things using "like" or "as."
"Her smile was as bright as the sun."
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Personification: Giving human

characteristics to non-human entities or
abstract concepts.
"The wind whispered through the trees."
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES
Personification: Giving human characteristics to
non-human entities or abstract concepts.
William Wordsworth's "I Wandered Lonely
as a Cloud" (Daffodils)
"Ten thousand saw I at a glance, / Tossing their
heads in sprightly dance."
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Personification: Giving human characteristics to

non-human entities or abstract concepts.
Shakespeare's "Sonnet 18" (Shall I compare
thee to a summer's day?)
"Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines."
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Personification: Giving human characteristics to

non-human entities or abstract concepts.
Homer's "The Iliad"
"The earth groaned beneath them as with a
sound of thunder."
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Alliteration: The repetition of the same

initial consonant sounds in a series of
words.
"Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers."
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES
Alliteration: The repetition of the same initial consonant sounds in
a series of words.
J.K. Rowling's "Harry Potter" series
"The Forbidden Forest looked as though it had been
enchanted, each tree smattered with silver, and Hagrid's
cabin looked like an outhouse for giants."
The repeated "s" and "h" sounds contribute to the whimsical
and magical atmosphere of the Forbidden Forest.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Assonance: The repetition of vowel

sounds within nearby words.
"The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain."
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES
 Assonance: The repetition of vowel sounds within nearby words.

Edgar Allan Poe's "The Raven"

"Once upon a midnight dreary, while I
pondered, weak and weary...“

John Keats' "Ode to Autumn"

"Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,"
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Onomatopoeia: Words that imitate the

sound they describe.
"buzz," "clang," or "murmur."
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Onomatopoeia: Words that imitate the sound they describe.

Edgar Allan Poe's "The Bells":

"Tintinnabulation" - The repeated use of
this word imitates the sound of bells
ringing, contributing to the auditory
experience in the poem.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Onomatopoeia: Words that imitate the sound they describe.

J.K. Rowling's "Harry Potter" series:

"Expelliarmus!" - This spell, which disarms
an opponent, is an example of
onomatopoeia as the incantation mimics the
action it performs.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

 Onomatopoeia: Words that imitate the sound they describe.

William Wordsworth's "I Wandered Lonely as

a Cloud" (Daffodils):
"Fluttering and dancing in the breeze" - The
use of "fluttering" imitates the gentle, rhythmic
movement of the daffodils in the breeze.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Irony: A literary device where there is a

discrepancy between appearances and
reality. This can take the form of verbal
irony, situational irony, or dramatic irony.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES
 Irony: A literary device where there is a discrepancy between appearances and
reality. This can take the form of verbal irony, situational irony, or dramatic irony.

Verbal Irony
Othello by William Shakespeare: Iago, who is
scheming against Othello, repeatedly declares his
loyalty and honesty. The audience, however,
knows he is anything but loyal and honest,
creating verbal irony.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES
 Irony: A literary device where there is a discrepancy between appearances and reality. This can take the
form of verbal irony, situational irony, or dramatic irony.

Situational Irony
The Gift of the Magi by O. Henry: In this short story, a
husband sells his watch to buy combs for his wife's
long hair, while the wife cuts and sells her hair to buy a
chain for her husband's watch. The situational irony
lies in the fact that both gifts become useless due to the
sacrifices made.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES
 Irony: A literary device where there is a discrepancy between appearances and reality. This can take the
form of verbal irony, situational irony, or dramatic irony.

Dramatic Irony
Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare: The
audience knows that Juliet is not really dead, but
Romeo, who believes she is, takes his own life beside
her. The dramatic irony is in the audience's knowledge
of events that the characters are unaware of.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Foreshadowing: Providing hints or clues

about what will happen later in the story. It
builds anticipation and suspense.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Foreshadowing: Providing hints or clues about what will

happen later in the story. It builds anticipation and suspense.
The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins:
Katniss's premonition about the "Hanging Tree" and
the mockingjay pin she receives serve as early signs
of rebellion and resistance against the Capitol.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Foreshadowing: Providing hints or clues about what will

happen later in the story. It builds anticipation and suspense.
Macbeth by William Shakespeare:
The three witches in Macbeth deliver prophecies that
foreshadow Macbeth's rise to power and eventual
downfall. The witches' words create an atmosphere
of foreboding and anticipation.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Foreshadowing: Providing hints or clues about what will

happen later in the story. It builds anticipation and suspense.
Oedipus Rex by Sophocles:
The prophecy that Oedipus will kill his father and
marry his mother sets the stage for the tragic events
that unfold in the play, highlighting the power of fate
and destiny.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Flashback: Interrupting the chronological

sequence of events to provide information
that occurred earlier. It allows readers to
understand more about the characters, the
plot, or the overall context of a story.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Flashback: Interrupting the chronological sequence of events to

provide information that occurred earlier.
F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby":
The novel uses flashbacks to reveal the history of
Jay Gatsby and his romantic past with Daisy
Buchanan. The flashbacks provide insight into
Gatsby's character and motivations.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES
 Flashback: Interrupting the chronological sequence of events to provide
information that occurred earlier.

J.K. Rowling's "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood

Prince":
The novel includes a significant flashback that reveals
the backstory of Tom Riddle (Lord Voldemort) and his
transformation into the dark wizard. This flashback
sheds light on the overarching conflict in the series.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Hyperbole: Exaggeration for emphasis or

effect.
"I've told you a million times."
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Hyperbole: Exaggeration for emphasis or effect.

I'm so famished I could eat a horse.

The line at the amusement park was a mile long.
My backpack weighs a ton.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Juxtaposition: Placing two or more

elements side by side in order to highlight
their contrasting features.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES
 Juxtaposition: Placing two or more elements side by side in order
to highlight their contrasting features.
Light and Dark in Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet"
The famous balcony scene in "Romeo and Juliet"
juxtaposes light and dark imagery. Romeo describes Juliet
as the sun ("But, soft! what light through yonder window
breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.") and contrasts
her brightness with the darkness of the night.
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES
 Juxtaposition: Placing two or more elements side by side in order to
highlight their contrasting features.
Life and Death in Charles Dickens' "A Tale of Two Cities”
The opening lines of the novel provide a powerful
juxtaposition: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of
times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of
foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of
incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of
Darkness..."
EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Anaphora: The repetition of a word or

phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.
This repetition can create emphasis, evoke
emotion, and contribute to the overall rhythm
and flow of a piece of writing or speech.
"I have a dream" speech by Martin Luther King Jr.
 EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES
 Anaphora: The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. This repetition can create
emphasis, evoke emotion, and contribute to the overall rhythm and flow of a piece of writing or speech.

"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live
out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to be
self-evident, that all men are created equal.'"
"I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the
sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners
will be able to sit down together at the table of
brotherhood." -"I have a dream" speech by Martin Luther King Jr.
 EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TECHNIQUES
 Anaphora: The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. This repetition can
create emphasis, evoke emotion, and contribute to the overall rhythm and flow of a piece of writing or
speech. Example: Charles Dickens' "A Tale of Two Cities"

"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it

was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness,
it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of
incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the
season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was
the winter of despair."