MAKALAH

WHAT DOES POEM TELL US ABOUT

TUTOR

Widyastuti Nura, S.Pd.

ARRANGED BY

GROUP 4

Nurbeti (21)

Nursanti (22)

Nurtiara (23)

Rafli Nasaruddin (24)

Rasty Ananda (25)

Rezky Anugrah Ilahi (26)

SMA NEGERI 5 ENREKANG

2022/2023

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 PREFACE

Assalamu'alaikum Wr.Wb.

We would like to thank Allah SWT who has given His mercy and grace so that this paper can be
completed on time, without His grace and guidance this paper could not be completed on time.

Shalawat and greetings we say to our great prophet Muhammad SAW who has brought us from
the era of ignorance to the age of knowledge as we feel at this time.

In this poetry paper, the writer experienced many difficulties, mainly due to the lack of
supporting knowledge. However, thanks to the guidance and assistance of other parties, this
paper was finally completed. Therefore, it is appropriate for the author to thank all those who
have provided direction and guidance to the author at all times.

The author is aware, as a student who is still in the learning process, writing this Poetry paper
still has many shortcomings. Therefore, the author really expects criticism and suggestions that
are positive, writing a better paper. The author hopes, hopefully this simple paper can be useful
for all of us.

GROUP 4

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 TABLE OF CONTENS

PREFACE.................................................................................................................................ii

TABLE OF
CONTENS.........................................................................................................................................iii

CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY......................................................................................................................iv

1.1 Background............................................................................................................................iv

1.2 Formulation of the

problem.....................................................................................................................iv

1.3 Learning
objectives........................................................................................................................................iv

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION.......................................................................................................................v

A). Definition of poem.....................................................................................................................v

B). Types of poem.................................................................................................vi

C). Elements Of Poems...............................................................................................................vii

D). Figurative Languange................................................................................................viii

E). Examples....................................................................................................................x

CHAPTER III CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................xiv

3.1 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................xiv

3.2 Suggestion.......................................................................................................................................xiv

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

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 CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

1.1 BACKGROUND

WE CAN INTERPRET SOCIAL FUNCTIONS, TEXT STRUCTURES, AND LINGUISTIC ELEMENTS OF

SPECIAL TEXTS IN THE FORM OF POEMS, SPOKEN AND WRITTEN, BY GIVING AND ASKING FOR
INFORMATION RELATED TO THE LIVES OF ADOLESCENTS ACCORDING TO THE CONTEXT OF
THEIR USE AND CAN CAPTURE CONTEXTUAL MEANING RELATED TO SOCIAL FUNCTIONS, TEXT
STRUCTURES, AND LINGUISTIC ELEMENTS. SPECIAL TEXT IN THE FORM OF POEMS RELATED TO
THE LIVES OF TEENAGERS

1.2 FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM

1. WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF POEM?

1. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF POEM?

2. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF POEM?

3. EXAMPLE OF POEM!

1.3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Literary works in English can be said to be quite a lot and have their own types. As
is the case with Indonesian, English is also known as poetry, rhyme, and prose.
However, do all these English literary works have the same form and
requirements as in Indonesian literature? Let's start discussing one by one
starting from the poem.

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A).DEFINITION OF POEM

poem is an rhythmical composition, sometimes rhymed, expressing experiences,

ideas, or emotions in a style more concentrated, imaginative, and powerful than
that of ordinary speech or prose: some poems are in meter, some in free verse.

According to the Macmillan Dictionary , a poem is " a piece of writing using

beautiful or unusual language arranged in fixed lines that have a particular beat
and often rhyme". Meaning, poem or rhyme is an English literary work in the
form of writing written in beautiful language. Usually, poems also have rhymes
that are similar to or the same as one another. A common mistake that often
occurs is, people like to think that poem is a poem. In terms of form, they are
similar, but in fact poetry and rhyme are clearly different. A poem written
intertwined with each word and the form of presentation is orderly and bound

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while poetry is usually written in figurative language and has an aesthetic in its
presentation.

So to better understand, the following is the meaning of poetry according to some

experts.

1. HB Jassin

Poetry is a literary work that is spoken with a feeling in which it contains thoughts
and responses.

2. James Reevas

Poetry is a rich and alluring expression of language.

3. Theodore Watts-Dunton

The definition of poetry is a concrete and artistic expression of a human mind in

emotional and rhythmic language.

4. Herman Waluyo

Poetry is a literary work that expresses the poet's thoughts and feelings
imaginatively and is composed by focusing all the power of language in a physical
structure and inner structure.

B).TYPES OF POEMS

Poem has many types,the most popular include:

 Haiku- It is a type of japanese poem,consisiting of three unrhymed lines

with mostly five,seven,and five syllables in each line.

 Free Verse-It consists of non-rhyming lines,without any metrical

pattern ,but follows a natural rhythm.

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  Epic-It is a from of poem,often written in blank verse,lengthy in size in
which poet shows protagonist in action of historical significance or great
mythic.

 Ballad-It is a type of narrative poem that narrates a story,often talks about

folk or legendary tales. It may take a form of moral lesson or a song.

 Sonnent- it is a from of lyrical poem containing fourteen lines with iambic

pentameter and tone or mood changes after eighth line

 Elegy-A melancholic poem in which poef laments the death of a subject

however consoles towards the end is called elegy.

 Epitaph-A small poem used as an inscription on tombstone of dead person.

 Hymn-this type of a poem praises spirituality or god's splendor.

 Limerick-this is a type of humorous poem with five anapestic lines in which

first second and fifth lines have three feet and third and fourth have two
feet with a strict rhyme scheme of aabba.

 Vinianelle-it is a French styled poem with nineteen lines contains three-line

stanza with five tercets and final quatrain.it uses Refrain at first and third
lines of each stanza.

C).ELEMENTS OF POEMS

Several elements of poem are: line, rhyme, rhythm, stanza, metre, imagery,
figurative language, etc.

Imagery

Sensory imageri involves the use of descriptive language to create mental

images. In literary terms, sensory imagery is a type of imagery; the
difference is that sensory imagery works by engaging a reader’s five senses.

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 1. Visual imagery engages the sense of sight . This is what yau can see, and
includes visual descriptions. Physical attributes including colour, shape,
lightness and darkness, shadows and are all part of visual imagery.

2. Gustatory imagery engagest the sense of taste. This is what you cant
tense, and includes flavours. This can include the five basic taste—sweet,
salty, bitter, sour, and umami—as well as the textures and sensaciaon tied
of the act of eating.

3. Tactile imagery engagest the sense of touch . This is what you can feel,
and includes texturest and the many sensation a human being experiences
when thouching something. Defferences in temperature is also a part of
tactile imagery.

4. Auditory imagery engages the sense of touch . This is the way things
sound. Literary devices such as onomatopoeia and alliteration can help
create sounds in writing.

5. Olfactory imagery engages the sense of smell . Secentil is one of the

most direct triggers of memory and emotion, bit can be diffecult to write
about. Since taste and smell are so closely linked, you’ll sometimes find the
same words (such as “sweet”) used to describe both. Simile is common in
olfactory imagery, because it allows writers to compare a particural scant
to common smells like dirt, manure, or roses.

6. Khinesthetic imagery (khinesthesia) engages the feeling of movement.

This can be similar to tactile imagery but deals more with full-body
sensation, such as those experianced during exercise. Rushing water,
flapping wings, and pounding hearts are all examples of kinestetic imagery.

D). FIGURATIVE LANGUANGE

Figurative language is language that uses words or expressions with a meaning

that is different from the literal interpretation. Figurative language is very
common in poetry, but is also used in prose and non-fiction writing as well. There

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are many different types of figurative language. For example, it often includes the
use of a specific type of word or word meaning:

 Metaphor, a metaphor is a comparison made between things which are

essentially not alike. One example of a metaphor would be to say,"Nobody
invites Edward to parties because he is a wet blanket."

 Simile, a simile is like a metaphor and often uses the words like or as. One
example of a simile would be to say. "Jamie runs as fast as the wind."

 Personification,When something that is not human is given human-like

qualities. This is know as personification. As example of personification
would be to say.the leaves danced in the wind on the cold october
afternoon."

 Hyperbole ,Exaggerating often in a humorous way. To make a particular

point is know as hyperbole. One of examples of hyperbole would be to say.
" My eyes widened at the sight of the mile- high ice cream cones we were
having for dessert."

 Symbolism ,Symbolism occurs when a noun which has meaning in itself it

used to respresent something entirely different. One example

 of symbolism would be to use an image image of the American flag to

respresent patriorism and a love for one's county

In addition to various types of words relating to the word's meaning.figurative

language also includes unusual constructions or combinations of words that
provide a new perspective on the word for example.

 Onomatopoeia , When you name an action by imitating she sound

associaled with it, this is know as onomatopoeia. One example of
onomatopoeia would be to say."the bees buzz angrily when their hive is
disturbed.

 Idiom, An idiom is an expression used by a particular group of people with

a meaning that is only know through commen use. One example of an

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 idiom would be to say." I'm just Waiting for him to kick the bucket." Many
idiom that are frequently used are also considered clis hes.

 Synecdoche,A synecdoche is a figure of speech using a word or words that

are a part to represent a whole. For example, referring to credit cards as
"plastic" is a synecdoche

 Cliche,A cliche is a phrase that is often repeated and has become kind of
meaningless. An example of a cliche is the expression "walk a mile in my
shoes."

 Assonance,When you repeat a vowel sound in a phrase is it assonance. For

example, "True, i do like sue."

 Metonymy, A metonymy is a figure of speech where one thing is replaced

with a word that is closely associaled with it such as using "washington" to
refer to the united states government.

 Alliteration, Alliteration is the repetition of the same consonant sound at

the start of one or more words near one another. It is often used to
emphasise an emotion or reveal a stronger description.

E).EXAMPLES

Examples of Poem in Literature

Example #1: While you Decline to Cry by Ō no Yasumaro

Haiku Poem

“While you decline to cry,

high on the mountainside

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a single stalk of plume grass wilts.”

(Loose translation by Michael R. Burch)

This poem contains three lines, which is the typical structure of a haiku poem. It
does not follow any formal rhyme scheme or proper rhythmical pattern.

Example #2: The Song of Hiawatha by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Epic Poem

“By the shore of Gitchie Gumee,

By the shining Big-Sea-Water,

At the doorway of his wigwam,

In the pleasant Summer morning,

Hiawatha stood and waited…”

These are a few lines from The Song of Hiawatha, a classic epic poem that
presents an American Indian legend of a loving, brave, patriotic, and stoic hero,
but which bears resemblance to Greek myths of Homer. Longfellow tells of the
sorrows and triumphs of the Indian tribes in detail in this lengthy poem.
Therefore, this is a fine example of a modern epic, though other epics include
Paradise Lost by John Milton and Iliad by Homer.

Example #3: After the Sea-Ship by Walt Whitman

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Free Verse Poem

“After the Sea-Ship—after the whistling winds;

After the white-gray sails, taut to their spars and ropes,

Below, a myriad, myriad waves, hastening, lifting up their necks,

Tending in ceaseless flow toward the track of the ship:

Waves of the ocean, bubbling and gurgling, blithely prying…”

This poem neither has rhyming lines nor does it adhere to a particular metrical
plan. Hence, it is free of artificial expression. It has rhythm and a variety of
rhetorical devices used for sounds, such as assonance and consonance.

Example #4: La Belle Dame sans Merci by John Keats

Ballad

“O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,

Alone and palely loitering?

The sedge has wither’d from the lake,

And no birds sing …

And this is why I sojourn here

Alone and palely loitering,

Though the sedge is wither’d from the lake,

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And no birds sing.”

This poem presents a perfect example of a ballad—a folk-style poem that typically
narrates a love story. The language of this poem is simple. It contains twelve
stanzas, with four quatrains and a rhyme scheme of ABCB.

CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

3.1 CONCLUSION

we know that the definition of poem is an arrangement of words written or

spoken: traditionally a rhythmical composition, sometimes rhymed,
expressing experiences, ideas, or emotions in a style more concentrated,
imaginative, and powerful than that of ordinary speech or prose: some
poems are in meter, some in free verse.

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 The Poem element itself consists of 7 elements, including figurative
language, imagery, alteration, tone, stanza, density & rhyme.

the type of poem consists of 10 including sonnet, elegy, Ode, haiku,

limerick, villanelle, ballad, acrostic, epic, & free verse

3.2 SUGGESTION

learn about English literature lessons for poetry material so that we gain
knowledge about the material.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Taken from: https://www.masterclass.com/anticles/sensory-imageri-in-

creative-writing#what-is-sensory-imageri

Taken from :http://grammar.yourdictionary.com

style-and-usage/figurative.language.html

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